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1、主要文学流派及其代表作Classicism古典主义Asacriticalterm,abodyofdoctrinethoughttobederivedfromortoreflectthequalitiesofancientGreekandRomancultureparticularlyinliterature,philosophy,artorcriticism.Classicismstandsforcertaindefiniteideasandattitudes,mainlydrawnfromthecriticalutterancesoftheGre
2、eksandRomansordevelopedthroughanimitationofancientartandliterature.Theseincluderestraint,restrictedscope,dominanceofreason,senseofform,unityofdesignandaim,clarity,simplicity,balance,attentiontostructureandlogicalorganization,chastenessinstyle,severityofoutline,moderation,self-
3、control,intellectualism,decorum,respectfortradition,imitation,conservatismand"goodsense".Itsrepresentativesandtheirmajorworksinclude：JohnBunyan:ThePilgrim'sProgress(1678).Neoclassicism新古典主义Itmainlyappliestotheclassicaltendencywhichdominatedtheliteratureofthe17thcenturyand18thc
4、entury.Itwas,atleast,theresultofareactionagainstthefiresofpassionwhichhadblazedinthelateRenaissance,especiallyinthemetaphysical（十七世纪诗体的）poetry.AndNeoclassicismesteemedobjectivity,harmony,rationality,dignity,proportion,andmoderation,stressedartisticsystemsandtechnicalcorrelatio
5、nofstylisticcomponents,admiredconciseness,elegance,goodtasteandwit,combinedpleasurewithinstructionandmatchedcontenttostyle.Itsrepresentativesandtheirmajorworksare:JohnDryden(1631--1700):TheWorldWellLost(1678);AlexanderPope(1688--1744):TheRapeoftheLock(1714),TheDunciad(1742).Ea
6、rlyRomanticism浪漫主义Romanticism,asaliterarytrend,occurredanddevelopedinEuropeandAmericaattheturnofthe18thand19thcenturiesunderthehistoricalbackgroundoftheIndustrialRevolution.Romanticismstressesindividualandcreativefunctionofimagination.Itplacesindividualattheverycenterofalllife
7、andallexperienceandatthecenterofart.Itscharacteristicsare:(1)Romanticismisarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.(2)Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsaremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.(3)RomanticsdonotthinkoftheworldasatickingwatchmadebyGod(4)Theyempha
8、sizeindividualism,placingtheindividualagainsttheagainstthegro
