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1、Lecture3Abstract(1):Category,Structure,andGeneralWritingRequirementsAsaminiatureofthepaperwithalimitednumberofwords,anabstractisabriefsummaryofaresearcharticle,thesis,review,conferenceproceedings,oranyin-depthanalysisofaparticularsubject,andisoftenusedtohelpthereaderquicklyascertainthe
2、paper’spurpose.Givenitsimportance,wearetodealwiththeabstractwritinginthefollowingtwolectures.Includedinthelecturearedifferentcategoriesoftheabstract,generalstructureoftheabstract,generalrequirementsinabstractwriting,etc.LectureObjectivesAftercompletingthislecture,youshouldbeableto:1.Di
3、stinguishdifferentcategoriesoftheabstract2.Understandthegeneralstructureoftheabstract3.MeetgeneralwritingrequirementsoftheabstractDifferentCategoriesoftheAbstractAnabstractisasuccinctsummaryofapieceofwork,usuallyacademicinnature.Itispublishedinisolationfromthemaintextandshouldtherefore
4、standonitsownandbeunderstandablewithoutreferencetothewholepiece.Itshouldreporttheessentialfactsofthepaper,andshouldnotexaggerateorcontainmaterialthatisnotinthepaper.Beingaself-containedentity,theabstractholdsacriticalrolecomparedwiththeotherpartsofthewholepaper.Anabstractisviewedasamin
5、i-versionofthepaper,summarizingthecontentofthemainbody.Awell-preparedabstractservesasausefultoolinsearchingforinformationandenablesreaderstoidentifythebasiccontentofapaperquicklyandaccurately,todetermineitsrelevancetotheirinterest,andfinallytodecidewhethertheyneedtoreadthepaperinitsent
6、irety.Abstractscanbegenerallyclassifiedintothreecategories:descriptive,informational,andinformational-descriptive.DescriptiveAbstractAdescriptiveabstractusuallystatesthegeneralsubjectmatterofthepaper.Ittellsinanall-roundwaywhatthepapercontains.Thefollowingisadescriptiveabstractincludin
7、gthebackground,topic,approach,conclusion,andsignificanceoftheresearch.Pleasenotethepartsinbold,whichhelpusunderstandtheideaandstructurebetter.Ex.3-1AbstractAntibodiesplayacentralroleinimmunitybyforminganinterfacewiththeinnateimmunesystemand,typically,mediatingproinflammatoryactivity[