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1、Passage1Tomostofus,theword“speech”meansamethodofcommunicationbasedontheuseofsoundsproducedbythethroat,tongue,lips,etc.Ofcourse,othercommunicativecanbesubstitutedundergivenconditions;writing,forinstance,andgesturesmayadequatelyreplacevocalintercoursewhe
2、nhearingisimpededandsoundscannotbereceived.Besidesspeechasweknowit,anditssubstitutes,thereexistanumberoflanguages,whichhaveacousticbasesbutwhich,nevertheless,donotusevowelsandconsonantsasthesoundmaterialofspeech.Forexample,inLaGomerathehabitantscanconv
3、ersebymeansofarticulatedwhistles.Forordinaryconversation,theyusenormalspokenSpanish,butwheneverdistancemakesspeechinconvenientorimpossible,theyresorttotheSilbo,asthiswhistledformiscalled.Gomeraisofvocanicoriginandexeedinglymountainousandmovingoversuchg
4、roundinvolvestheexpenditureofmuchtimeandenergy.Forthisreason,theSilboisofconstantutilitytoGomeras.Agoodwhistlerwillbeheardandunderstoodfivemilesormoreawaywhenconditionsarefavorable,thatis,whenthereislittleornowind.Thepointisthatawhistleispracticallyapu
5、retoneofunchangingquality,which,ifperceivedatall,willbeintelligible.SotheSilboscoresovershoutedspeechintwomajorrespects:articulationdoesnotsufferinanywaywhenaneffortismadetoincreaseloudness,andsoundswhichinspeechhavealowlevelofaudibility,asatclosequart
6、ers;anditissuperiortovisual“codes”inthatitisasrapidasspokenSpanish.1.Whatdoweknowaboutspeech?A.Itisamethodofcommunicationbasedonsounds.B.Itisasubstitutefororalmethodsofcommunication.C.Itisaninferiormethodofcommunication.D.Itistheleastcommonmethodofcomm
7、unication.2.Whatdoesthewritermeanwhenhesayslanguagehasanacousticbase?A.ItisbasedongesturesB.Itisbasedonwrittensymbols.C.Itisbasedonsounds.D.ItisbasedonbothAandB.3.WhendotheinhabitantsofLaGomeracommunicatebywhistles?A.whentheyareabitfar.B.allthetime.C.s
8、eldom.D.onlyonholidays4.HowfarcanaSilbobeheard?A.fivemiles.B.morethanfivemiles.C.fivemilesormoreunderfavorableconditions.D.lessthanfivemilesunderanyconditions.5.Whichofthefollowinghasapuretoneofunchangingquality?A.wordspeech.B.whistle.C
