Constitutional Law Outline – Spring 2007

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1、ConstitutionalLawOutline–Spring2007,ProfessorLarsen;Brest,Levinson,etal.,5thEd.DevelopmentandRatificationoftheUSConstitution1)ArticlesofConfederation–weakfederalpowera.KeyFeatures:i.Conceptuallyconsideredatreatyamongagroupofsmallnations.ii.Nointerstateorforeigncommercepower.i

2、ii.Nopowertotax.iv.Nonationaljudiciaryorgenuineexecutivebranch.b.CalltoreviseandamendtheArticles:i.TheAnnapolisConferencemettoconsiderthefailuresoftheArticlesanddetermineifthereisaneedforrevision.ThisledtotheauthorizationoftheConvention“forthesoleandexpresspurposeofrevisingth

3、eArticlesofConfederation.”ii.However,thedelegatesagreedthattheywouldnotallowthefailuresoftheArticlesandtheemergenciesofthesituationdestroythenationalgovernmentbecausetheywerenotgivenexpresspowertocreateaConstitution.1.TheconventiondisobeyedthepurposeandorderoftheConvention.c.

4、ConstitutionalConvention:i.Only9StateswereneededtoratifytheConstitution,effectivelyeliminatingRhodeIsland’svetopower.ii.Twoproposals:1.VirginiaPlanandConnecticutPlan.TheyrepresentedacompromisebetweenSouthernandNorthernconcernswhichweremanifestedinthe3/5thsCompromise,etc.iii.D

5、ebateinincludetheBillofRights.Includedasaconcessionbecauseitwasthoughtasunnecessary;rightsnotenumeratedwerereservedtothepeopleandthestates.d.KeyfeaturesofConstitution:i.FourBigPoints:1.Written;inEnglandtheirconstitutionwasnotwritten.2.PopularSovereignty;thepeoplehavethepower(

6、notmonarchyoraristocracy).3.Federalism;theconceptoftwoco-existinggovernments4.SeparationofPowers;distinctanddefinedbranchesofgovernmentii.ComparedtoArticles:1.Eachstatehadonevote(neededalltochangetheArticles),onecongressionalchamber,weakexecutive/congress,andnojudiciary..iii.

7、ComparedtoEnglishConstitution:1.Englandusedparliamentarysystemwhichblendedmonarchy,aristocracy,anddemocracy.Notwritten.BankoftheUnitedStates–McCullochv.Maryland1)EarlyBackground:a.SecretaryofTreasury,Hamilton,wantedtoestablishanationalBank.b.TheConstitutiondoesnotspeakongrant

8、ingcorporationstoinstitutionscompetingwithprivateones.Corporationsre