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1、第一章我国水资源的特点及分布状况（ChapteronecharacteristicsanddistributionofwaterresourcesinChina）Chapterone:characteristicsanddistributionofwaterresourcesinChinaIntroductionofwaterresourcesintheworldWaterisanindispensablenaturalresourceforhumandevelopment.Itisthematerialbaseforhumanbeingsanda
2、lllivingthings.Intoday'sworld,theshortageofwaterresourcesandthewatercrisiscausedbypollutionhavebecomeamajorproblemfacedbyanycountryinpolicy,economyandtechnology,aswellasthemajorconstraintsonsocialandeconomicdevelopment.InJanuary1992,theUnitedNationsheldanInternationalConferenc
3、eonwaterandenvironmentinIceland,callingfornewwaystoevaluate,developandmanagefreshwaterresources.In1993,theworldbankraisedanewtopiconwaterresources.FAOrecentlyestablishedaninternationalprojectonwaterandsustainableagriculturaldevelopment(LAP-WASAD),whichshowsthattheissueofwaterr
4、esourceshasattractedworldwideattention.Theexploitationofwaterresourcesisdividedintotwocategories:oneisrequiredtotakethewaterfromthewaterresources,meettheneedsofpeople'slifeandindustrialandagriculturalproduction,thenumberofconsumption,qualitychange,inanotherplacereturnwater.The
5、otheristotakewater(hydro),thedevelopmentofwatertransport,fisheriesandwaterrecreation,maintainingecologicalbalance,theusedoesnotneedfromthewaterawayfromthewater,rivers,lakes,estuariesbutneedtomaintainacertainwaterlevel,flowandwaterquality.Theutilizationofwaterresourcesdiscussed
6、inthissectionismainlythefirstformofwateruse.Inordertomakegooduseandprotectionofwaterresources,itisnecessarytounderstandthewaterresourcesandtheirimportantfunctions,theutilizationofwaterresourcesintheworld,thecharacteristicsofwaterresourcesinChina,theutilizationandprotectionmeas
7、uresofwaterresources.(1)waterresourcesandtheirimportantfunctions1.WaterresourcesThetotalwatersupplyoftheearthisabout1billion390millionKM3,about97%ofwhichisseasaltwaterandcannotbeuseddirectlyforhumanbeings.Twoofthetotalamountoffreshwaterisonly36millionKM3,andthetotallackofwater
8、3%oftheearth'sfreshwater,77.2%oftheglaciersandicecapsinpolarr
