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1、TheWorkman'sCompensation Howcansomeone,hourafterhour,dayafterday,yearinandyearout,tightenapproximatelythesamenuttothesameboltandnotgomad?Thatmostworkingpeopledonot,infact,gomadisdueinlargemeasuretoaphenomenonsocommonthatitisfoundwhereverpeoplelaborinindustry:takingiteasy.Itwoul
2、dtakesomekindofrealmentalcasetodoalltheworkonecouldalldaylong.Nooneexpectsit.Takingiteasyonthejobwhilesomeoneelsecoversyourwork,or"workingonandoff,"asitisusuallycalledinAmerica,isanestablishedpartoftheworkinglife. Workingonandoff,however,hasitslimits.Therulesareinfinitelyvaried
3、,subtle,andflexible,and,ofcourse,theyarealwayschanging.Management,uptoacertainlevelatleast,isawareofthepractice,andinsomeindustriesemploysentirecadresofpeopletocurtailorputanendtoit.Simultaneously,theworkersaresubtlydoingtheirbesttokeepitgoingandtoextenditwhereverpossible. Ever
4、yworkerhasahighlydevelopedsenseofhowmuchworkisexpectedofhim.Whenhefeelsthattheexpectationisexcessive,hetriestodosomethingaboutit.Thisinstincthastodowiththepoliticalnatureofworkitself,somethingeverymodernworkerunderstands.Thebosseswantmorefromtheworkerthantheyarewillingtogiveinre
5、turn.Theworkersgivework,andthebossesgivemoney.Theexchangeisneverquiteequal,andthediscrepancyiscalledprofit.Sincethebossescannotdowithoutprofit,workershaveanedge.Agoodworkerinakeyspotcould,solongashekeptupproduction,takeallthecoffeebreakshewanted,andthebosseswouldverylikelylookth
6、eotherway.Hecouldalsochoosetocutdownonthecoffeebreaks,applyhimself,andincreaseproduction,andthenaskforandgetmoremoney.Butthatwouldbeself-defeating,andheknowsit.Itwouldalsoplacehimincompetitionwithotherworkers,whichwouldbeplayingintothebosses'hands.Whathewouldratherdoiscreatesome
7、slackforhimselfandenjoyhisjobmore. AtpresentontheWestCoast,whenagangoflongshoremenworkingoncargostartashift,theyoftendividethemselvesintotwoequalgroupsandtossacoin.Onegroupgoesintothefarreachesoftheship'sholdandsitsaround.Theothergroupstartsloadingcargo,usuallyworkingwithavenge
8、ance,sinceeachoneofthemisdoingtheworkoftwomen.A
