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1、2NobelPrizeWinners※PassageAEinstein’sCompass※PassageBTheWake-UpCallfromStockholmNobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicine2NobelandNobelPrize31Einstein’sCompass33WritingaBiography4Whatwearegoingtodo?NobelandNobelPrizeAlfredBernhardNobel(21October1833–10December1896)wasaSwedishchemist,engineer,innovator,armame
2、ntsmanufacturerandtheinventorofdynamite.HeownedBofors,amajorarmamentsmanufacturer,whichhehadredirectedfromitspreviousroleasanironandsteelmill.Inhislastwill,heusedhisenormousfortunetoinstitutetheNobelPrizes.Thesyntheticelementnobeliumwasnamedafterhim.amajorarmamentsSwedeninstituteenormousredirectinve
3、ntNobelandNobelPrizeTheNobelPrizeisaSwedish&Internationalmonetaryprize,establishedbythe1895willandestateofAlfredNobel.ItwasfirstawardedinPhysics,Chemistry,PhysiologyorMedicine,Literature,andPeacein1901.Anassociatedprize,TheSverigesRiksbankPrizeinEconomicSciencesinMemoryofAlfredNobel,wasinstitutedbyS
4、weden'scentralbankin1968andfirstawardedin1969.TheNobelPrizesinthespecificdisciplines(Physics,Chemistry,PhysiologyorMedicine,andLiterature)andthePrizeinEconomicsarewidelyregardedasthemostprestigiousawardonecanreceiveinthosefields.TheNobelPeacePrizeconveyssocialprestigeandisoftenpoliticallycontroversi
5、al.NobelandNobelPrizeTheNobelPrizeCeremoniesWiththeexceptionoftheNobelPeacePrize,theNobelPrizesandthePrizeinEconomicsarepresentedinStockholm,Sweden,attheannualPrizeAwardCeremonyonthe10thofDecember,theanniversaryofNobel'sdeath.Therecipients'lecturesarepresentedinthedayspriortotheawardceremony.TheNobe
6、lPeacePrizeanditsrecipients'lecturesarepresentedattheannualPrizeAwardCeremonyinOslo,Norway,alsoonthe10thofDecember.Theawardceremoniesandtheassociatedbanquetsarenowadaysmajorinternationalevents.NobelPrizein PhysiologyorMedicineTheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineisawardedonceayearbytheSwedishKarolinsk
7、aInstitute,awardedforoutstandingcontributionsinPhysiologyorMedicinesince1901.ThefirstNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewasawardedtotheGermanphysiologistEmilAdolfvonBehring,"forhisworkonserumtherapy,espe
