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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2007,33(12):1982-1990http:www.chinacrops.orgzwxbISSN04963490;CODENTSHPA9Email:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cn隔沟交替灌溉对棉花生长、产量和水分利用效率的调控效应11,*2233杜太生康绍忠王振昌王锋杨秀英苏兴礼(1中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京100083;2西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌7
2、12100;3甘肃省武威市水利科学研究所,甘肃武威733000)摘要:为了探讨旱区农业高效节水新途径,于20042006年在甘肃石羊河流域干旱荒漠绿洲区田间,研究了常规沟灌、固定隔沟灌溉、隔沟交替灌溉对棉花生长、产量和水分利用效率的调控效应,结果表明,隔沟交替灌溉对棉花株高抑制作用较明显,而对蕾铃等生殖生长的影响较小,该技术能够调整棉花营养生长与生殖生长的关系,有效控制作物生长冗余,调节光合产物在根冠间的比例和分配,优化根冠比;可以在保持相同光合速率水平下大大降低叶片蒸腾损失,提高叶片水分利用效率,使霜前花
3、比例提高,产量水平的水分利用效率分别较常规沟灌和固定隔沟灌提高1722%和1859%。在西北旱区棉花上应用隔沟交替灌溉技术具有较大的节水增产潜力。关键词:隔沟交替灌溉;棉花;产量;水分利用效率ResponsesofCottonGrowth,Yield,andWaterUseEfficiencytoAlternateFurrowIrrigation11,*2233DUTaiSheng,KANGShaoZhong,WANGZhenChang,WANGFeng,YANGXiuYing,andSUXing
4、Li(1CenterforAgriculturalWaterResearchinChina,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100083;2KeyLaboratoryforAgriculturalSoilandWaterEngineeringinAridandSemiaridAreasofMinistryofEducation,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling712100,Shaanxi;3WuweiInstituteofWaterCon
5、servancy,Wuwei,733000,Gansu,China)Abstract:Toexplorenewhighefficientwatersavingirrigationmethodsinaridareas,afieldexperimentwascarriedouttoinvestigatetheeffectsofalternatefurrowirrigationinpartialrootzoneongrowth,yieldandwateruseefficiencyofcotton(Gossypi
6、umhirsutumL.)inanoasisregionofShiyangRiverBasin,Gansuprovincein20042006Plantingwithmulchingandinfurrowswasappliedwiththreepartialrootzoneirrigationmethods,i.e.conventionalfurrowirrigation(CFI,allfurrowswatered),fixedfurrowirrigation(FFI,fixedoneofeverytwo
7、furrowswatered),andalternatefurrowirrigation3-1(AFI,neighboringtwofurrowsalternativelywatered)underthreeirrigationlevels(225,300,450mhain2004;225,3-13-1300,375mhain2005;and240,360,480mhain2006)foreachmethodinthethreeyears.TheresultsindicatedthatAFIshortened
8、thecottonplantheight,hadnosignificanteffectonreproductivegrowthsuchasbudandboll,andmaintainedthebalancebetweenvegetativeandreproductivegrowthwithreducingredundantgrowth.Itregulatedthedistributionofphot
