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1、英汉修辞对比研究第二讲含而不露的隐喻Metaphor恐怖的汉语1.Duringabaseballgame,awomankeptshoutingthreatsattheumpire..Nomatterwhathappenedonthefield,shecontinuallyyelled,“Killtheumpire!”Thiswentonforanhour.“Lady,”anotherfancalledout,“theumpirehasn‘tdoneanythingwrong.”“He‘smyhusband,”shereplied,“Lastnighthecamehomewithli
2、pstickonhiscollar.Killtheumpire!”2.Frank,afriendofmine,oftenentertainedclientsatalocaleatery,buthecouldneverrememberthenameofthehostess,whoalwaystreatedhimwonderfully.Oneday,exasperatedbyhishorriblerecall,shesaid,“MynameisJanet,andI‘mfromanotherplanet,”hopingthemnemonicdevicewouldhelphimretain
3、theinformation.ThenexttimeFrankwenttotherestaurant,hewalkeduptothehostessandtoldhisguest,“IwanttointroduceyoutomyfriendVenus.”SimileandMetaphorLifeislikeanisthmusbetweentwoeternities.生活像永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。Lifeisanisthmusbetweentwoeternities.生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。Happinessislikesunshine:itismadeupofverylit
4、tlebeams.幸福像阳光，皆由细小的光束构成。Thesunshineofhappinessismadeofverylittlebeams.幸福的阳光由非常细小的光束构成。Heisasstubbornasamule.他犟得像头骡子。Heisamule.他是头犟骡第二讲：隐喻（metaphor)Questions:1.Whatismetaphor?2.Whatfeaturesdoseithave?3.HowtoappreciatemetaphorinEnglishandChinese?4.Canyoufindmoreexamplesofthisfigureofspeech?定义（d
5、efinition)（1）亦称“暗喻”。也是一种比喻，这种辞格不用比喻词，而直接把甲事物（喻体）当做作乙事物（本体）来描述，其比喻关系隐含在句意中。隐喻的形式是“A是B”，不是“A像B”。本体和喻体之间用‘是’连接，语气上更肯定。这种比喻没有用‘像’这类词（‘像’的意思隐晗在句子里），所以叫做隐喻。其目的是更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现能力。由于它常常把本体直接说成喻体，所以其修辞效果比明喻更加肯定、更加有力，所强调的相似点也更加鲜明和突出。定义（definition)(2)Afigureofspeechcontaininganimpliedcomparison,inwhicha
6、wordorphraseordinarilyandprimarilyusedofonethingisappliedtoanother.----Webster’sNewWorldDictionaryAfigureofspeechinwhichonethingisdescribedintermsofanother.Thebasicfigureinpoetry.Acomparisonisusuallyimplicit;whereasinsimileitisexplicit.----ADictionaryofLiteraryTermsMetaphor,perhapsthemostimpor
7、tantfigureofspeech,pointsoutresemblancebutwithnoacknowledgingword.----BritannicaBookofEnglishUsage…acompressedorcondensedsimile.Examples(1)Thethoughtwasfireinhim.(他的想法是一团烈火。）Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(失败乃成功之母）Hestillhasarayofhope.(他仍抱
