语音学(unit5Done)

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1、UnitFiveVowels:FrontVowels&CentralVowelsHomework(P.46)PronunciationinCommunication---gettinginformation(Twogroups)Whenisavowellong?Whenisavowelshort?RulesofthumbLongandShortvowelsVCCVCCVCCClosedsyllableasyllablewhichendsinaconsonant:(C)VC–normallythevowelissh

2、ortCVCeMagic-e(Silent-e)–normallythevowelislongVowels(20)PureVowels(12)Diphthongs(8)ShortVowels(7)LongVowels(5)/i//e//æ//ɔ//ʌ//u//ə//ɔ://i://a://u://ə:/IntroductionDiphthongs/ei//ai//əu//au//iə//ɔi//ɛə//uə/IntroductionThereare20vowelsinEnglish,amongwhich12are

3、purevowelsand8arediphthongs.TheEnglishpurevowelscanbeclassifiedaccordingto1)theheightoftheraisedpartofthetongue2)thepartofthetongueraised3)thepositionofthelips,i.e.whethertheyareroundedorunrounded三个因素：1)舌头在口腔中位置的高低，2)牙床张开的大小，即张口程度是合、半合、还是开；3)唇形，发音时唇形是扁平还是圆唇。单

4、元音可按发音时舌头前、中、后哪一部分抬得最高而分成三类：一是前元音，二是中元音，三是后元音Threedimensionslengthofthesoundpositionofthetonguecloseopen/frontbackshapeofthelipsroundedneutralspreadi:eu:ɒʌIæз:əhighmid-highmid-lowlowfrontcentralbackVowelCharts:EnglishPureVowelsɑ:ʊɔ:EnglishPureVowelsTheTon

5、gueThisisfoundinthewordtea.ThelipsarespreadandthesoundislongLiproundingThisisfoundinthewordhip.Thelipsareslightlyspreadandthesoundisshort:Thetonguetipisraisedslightlyatthefronttowardsthealveolar.Inthelongersoundthetongueisraisedhigher.Thesoundof/e/isfoundin–w

6、et,left,when&tell.Likethesoundfor‘a’itisashortsoundthathasnolongversion.Thevowelsoundswehavejustreviewedmakeuptherestofthediphthongsetc.thatcomenext.ThemostcommonsoundinEnglish–theSchwaThissoundismadebyrelaxingthemouthandkeepingyourlipsinaneutralpositionandma

7、kingashortsound.Itisfoundinwordslikepaper,over,about,andcommoninweakverbsinspokenEnglish.Thissoundisthelongformoftheschwasound.Itisfoundinwordslikethirteenandbird.Themouthisrelaxedandlipsareneutral.TwoofthevowelsdonothavelongsoundsThissoundismadewiththemouths

8、preadwideopen.Itisfoundin–cat,man,apple&ranFourfrontvowelsThereasonthesearecalledfrontvowelsisthatthetonguebodyisshiftedforward,causingthevowelstobeproducedinthefrontofthemouth./i:/and/i/