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1、CivilRightsMovementintheUnitedStates, political, legal, andsocialstrugglebyblackAmericanstogainfullcitizenshiprightsandtoachieveracialequality.ThecivilrightsmovementhasalsobeencalledtheBlackFreedomMovement,theNegroRevolution,andtheSecondReconstruction.Thecivilright
2、smovementwasfirstandforemostachallengetosegregation,thesystemoflawsandcustomsseparatingblacksandwhitesthatwhitesusedtocontrolblacksafterslaverywasabolishedinthe1860s.Duringthecivilrightsmovement,individualsandcivilrightsorganizationschallengedsegregationanddiscrimi
3、nationwithavarietyofactivities,includingprotestmarches,boycotts,andrefusaltoabidebysegregationlaws.Segregation was an attemptbywhiteSouthernerstoseparatetheracesineveryaspectsoflifeandtoachievesupremacyoverblacks.SegregationwasoftencalledtheJimCrowsystem.Segregatio
4、nbecamecommoninSouthernstatesfollowingtheendofReconstructionin1877.DuringReconstruction,whichfollowedtheCivilWar(1861-1865),RepublicangovernmentsintheSouthernstateswererunbyblacks,Northerners,andsomesympatheticSoutherners.TheReconstructiongovernmentshadpassedlawsop
5、eningupeconomicandpoliticalopportunitiesforblacks.By1877theDemocraticPartyhadgainedcontrolofgovernmentintheSouthernstates,andtheseSouthernDemocratswantedtoreverseblackadvancesmadeduringReconstruction.Tothatend,theybegantopasslocalandstatelawsthatspecifiedcertainpla
6、ces“ForWhitesOnly”andothersfor“Colored.”Blackshadseparateschools,transportation,restaurants,andparks,manyofwhichwerepoorlyfundedandinferiortothoseofwhites.Overthenext75years,JimCrowsignswentuptoseparatetheracesineverypossibleplace.Throughout the South,segregationha
7、dthesupportofthelegalsystemandthepolice.Beyondthelaw,however,therewasalwaysthethreatofterroristviolenceagainstblackswhoattemptedtochallengeorevenquestiontheestablishedorder.DuringReconstruction,theKuKluxKlan(KKK),theKnightsoftheWhiteCamellia,andotherterroristorgani
8、zationsmurderedthousandsofblacksandsomewhitesinordertopreventthemfromvotingandparticipatinginpubliclife.Thecivilrightsmovementwasthestruggleforeq
