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1、CultureShock①DEFININGCULTURESHOCK定义Cultureshockisamentalstate（心理状态）thatcomesfromthetransitionthatoccurswhenyougofromafamiliarenvironmenttoanunfamiliaroneandfindthatyourold,establishedpatternsofbehaviorareineffective.cultureshockcancauseyoutofeel“outofsorts
2、,”“fatigued（疲劳）”and“notwholly（完全的，全部的）inthemoment.”②REACTIONSTOCULTURESHOCK反应preparedwhenyouexperiencesomeofthesereactions•Antagonism（对抗）towardthenewenvironment•Asenseofdisorientation（方向，障碍，迷惑）•Feelingsofrejection（拒绝）•Upsetstomachandheadaches•Homesickness•
3、Missingfriendsandfamily•Feelingalossofstatusandinfluence•Withdrawal（撤退）•Perceiving（感觉）membersofthehostculturetobeinsensitive（感觉迟钝，不友好）③THESTAGESOFCULTURESHOCK(THEU-CURVE)(过程，步骤)YoushouldviewthestagesasaU-shapedcurve.“TheU-curvedepictstheinitialoptimism（乐观，
4、乐观主义）andelation(兴高采烈，欢欣鼓舞)inthehostculture,thesubsequentdip（向下再向上）inthelevelofadaptation,andthefollowinggradualrecovery.ExcitementPhase.Thefirstphase,visualized（在脑海中使形象化，设想，想像）asthetopoftheleftsideoftheU-curve（U曲线）,isusuallyfilledwithexcitement,hopefulness
5、,astheindividualanticipatesbeingexposedtoanewculture.Disenchantment（觉醒，清醒）Phase.Thissecondphasebeginswhenyourecognizetherealityofthenewsettingandsomeinitialproblemsbegintodevelop.Thesecondphaseisaperiodwhendifficultiesoflanguage,inadequateschoolsforthechil
6、dren,poorhousing,crowdedtransportation,chaoticshopping,andthelikebegintakingtheirtoll.BeginningResolutionPhase.Thethirdphaseischaracterizedbygainingsomeunderstandingofthenewculture.Herethepersonisgraduallymakingsomeadjustmentsandmodificationsinhowheorsheis
7、copingwiththenewculture.Eventsandpeoplenowseemmuchmorepredictableandlessstressful.EffectiveFunctioningPhase.Inthisfinalphase,atthetopoftherightsideoftheU-curve,thepersonnowunderstandsthekeyelementsofthenewculture(values,specialcustoms,beliefs,communication
8、patterns,etc.).One’sabilitytoliveandfunctionwithintwocultures(theoldandthenew)isfrequentlyaccompanied(陪伴)byfeelingsofelationandsatisfaction.Whenthishappens,thereturneeexperiencesthesamefourphasesofadjustmentw
