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1、Downloadedfromhttp://www.jci.orgonMay8,2016.http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI81129ReviewSeRieS:extRacellulaRveSicleSTheJournalofClinicalInvestigationSeriesEditor:LaurenceZitvogelExtracellularvesicleisolationandcharacterization:towardclinicalapplicationRongXu,1DavidW.Greening,1Hong-JianZh
2、u,2NobuhiroTakahashi,3,4andRichardJ.Simpson1,41DepartmentofBiochemistryandGenetics,LaTrobeInstituteforMolecularScience,LaTrobeUniversity,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia.2DepartmentofSurgery,TheUniversityofMelbourne,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia.3DepartmentofAppliedBiologicalScience,Gradu
3、ateSchoolofAgriculture,and4GlobalInnovationResearchOrganization,TokyoUniversityofAgricultureandTechnology,Tokyo,Japan.Twobroadcategoriesofextracellularvesicles(EVs),exosomesandshedmicrovesicles(sMVs),whichdifferinsizedistributionaswellasproteinandRNAprofiles,havebeendescribed.EVsarek
4、nowntoplaykeyrolesincell-cellcommunication,actingproximallyaswellassystemically.ThisReviewdiscussesthenatureofEVsubtypes,strategiesforisolatingEVsfrombothcell-culturemediaandbodyfluids,andproceduresforquantifyingEVs.WealsodiscussproteinsselectivelyenrichedinexosomesandsMVsthathavethe
5、potentialforuseasmarkerstodiscriminatebetweenEVsubtypes,aswellasvariousapplicationsofEVsinclinicaldiagnosis.IntroductionHere,wewilldiscussseveralfundamentalissuesinthefieldScientificandclinicalinterestinextracellularvesicles(EVs)ofEVresearch,includinghowmanyEVsubtypesoccurnaturally,h
6、asincreasedrapidlyasevidencemountsthattheymaycon-whethertheydifferdependingoncellularoriginandphysiologi-stituteanewsignalingparadigm(1).EVsaresecretedbymostcalstate,andhowtheydifferwithrespecttobiochemicalprop-cellsandcarrydiversecargoesincludingproteins,RNAspe-ertiesandfunctionalac
7、tivity.StrategiesforpurifyingEVswillbecies(includingmRNA,miRNA,lncRNA,andotherRNAspe-presented,withanemphasisonproteomicprofilingasameansofcies),DNAs(mtDNA,ssDNA,dsDNA),andlipidsthatcanbecategorizingEVsubtypes.transportedandexchangedbetweencellsasameansofinter-cellularcommunicationat
8、bothparacrin
