Analysis of noise in energy-dispersive spectrometers using time-domain methods

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1、NuclearInstrumentsandMethodsinPhysicsResearchA485(2002)653–660Analysisofnoiseinenergy-dispersivespectrometersusingtime-domainmethodsF.S.Goulding*LBNL,Berkeley,CA94720,USAReceived18September2001;accepted15October2001AbstractThispaperpresentsanintegratedtimedomainapproachtotheopti

2、mizationofthesignal-to-noiseratioinallspectrometersystemsthatcontainadetectorthatconvertsincomingquantaofradiationintoelectricalpulsesignalsthatareamplifiedandshapedbyanelectronicpulseshaper.Itallowsanalysisofnormalpassivepulseshapersaswellastime-variantsystemswhereswitchingofsha

3、pingelementsoccursinsynchronismwiththesignal.Italsodealscomfortablywithmicrocalorimeters(sometimesreferredtoasbolometers),wherenoise-determiningelements,suchasthetemperature-sensingelement’sresistanceandtemperature,changewithtimeinthepresenceofasignal.Aspartofthepurelytime-domai

4、napproach,anewmethodofcalculatingtheJohnsonnoiseinresistorsusingonlythestatisticsofelectronmotionispresented.Theresultisatime-domainanalogoftheNyquistformula.r2002ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.PACS:07.50.H;07.20.F;07.85.N;95.55.QKeywords:Noisetheory;X-rayspectroscopy;Micr

5、ocalorimeters;Time-variantfilters1.Introductionresponsecalculationsandinanalyzingpile-upandballisticdeficiteffects.However,ithasbeenBydefinition,anenergy-dispersivespectrometertraditionaltoanalyzenoiseinthefrequencygeneratesaspectrumofincomingradiationquantadomainandthishasledtonoi

6、seanalysisbeingcoveringabroadenergyrangebyabsorbingthemcarriedoutbytransformingshapesintotheinadetectorthatconvertsthemintoelectricalfrequencydomain.Thispaperpresentsaninte-pulsesthatareamplifiedandshapedtoobtainthegratedtime-domainapproachtotheanalysisofbestpossibleenergyresolut

7、ioninthespectrum.noiseperformancethatavoidstheneedfortheseThetimeprofileofthedetectorsignalandthetransformations.Additionally,thetime-domainresponseofthepulseshaperareusedinsignalapproachoffersanintuitivepictureoftheeffectofshapeonnoiseandfacilitateshandlingthebehavioroftime-vari

8、antshapersandcaseswherecircuitelementscontribut