比较基因组学与分子进化1

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1、比较基因组学与分子进化Comparativegenomicsandmolecularevolution11/3/2010比较基因组学与分子进化在生命科学研究中应用及贡献1.模式生物测序的意义模式生物DNA测序技术2.新学科的快速诞生3.推动物种起源和生物进化发展4.研究思路和方法突破GeneticsVSReversegeneticsBreakthroughandmilestoneforgenomiceraNewfieldsofbiologyopenupGeneticsVSReversegeneticsCaseanalysisinmodelorganismKeyPointofU

2、nderstandingDevelopmentWhatGenesinvolvedinagivendevelopmentprocessHowthosegenes(andproteins)workatcellular/molecularlevelHowthosegenes(andproteins)activitiesareregulatedHowtoidentifyGenescriticalinagivendevelopmentprocess1.Genetics:Whatwrongwithamutantlackingafunctionalgenetellsthenormalro

3、leofthegene.Startwithmutants,thenthegene&howitworks2.Reversegenetics:Startingwithageneofknownidentity,modifyingitsexpressionoractivitytorevealitsdevelopmentfunctionFourmodelorganismsArabidopsisMouseDrosophilaC.elegansDrosophilamutantaffectsWINGdevelopmentNormal(wildtype,WT)MutantArabidopsis

4、seedlingdevelopmentWildtypeMutantWildtypeIndarknessInthelightWhyReversegenetics(Fromgenetophenotype/function)1.Manyundefinedgenesaresequencedduetotheadvancementofsequencetechnology2.Cancontrolwhere,when,andhowmuchanactivegeneproducttobemade3.Easytodesignspecificmutationsintothegeneproduct4.

5、AddTAGstoageneproducttosimplifyitsstudywithinthecell5.CreatemutationongenethathasnoavailablemutationornotfeasibletohaveWhyReversegenetics:Fromgenetophenotype/function1.Manyunknowngenesaresequencedduetotheadvancementofsequencetechnology2.Cancontrolwhere,when,andhowmuchanactivegeneproducttobe

6、made3.Easytodesignspecificmutationsintothegeneproduct4.AddTAGstoageneproducttosimplifyitsstudywithinthecell5.Createmutationongenethathasnoavailablemutation3commonwaystocontrolwhere,when,andhowmuchanactivegeneproductinacell2.GeneSilencingorAntisenseapproachtocontrolthelevelofmRNAofagivengene

7、3.ExpressionofdesirableDominantAffectingMutantform1.Utilizationofdesirableregulatorysequencetodrivetheexpressionofyourgeneproductproteincodingregion5’controlregion3’controlregion基因结构(DNA)外显子内含子启动子25-30bpA-TC-GtttcagATCGTTAGgt正确剪接位点5‘3‘2-5kbattcagGATATTTC