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1、SituationandTrendsofVietnameseLaborExportKannikaAngsuthanasombatIntroductionAsiaisaregionwithhighlevelsoflabourmigration.Between2000and2006,ASEAN’slabourforceincreasedby35.8million.Whilemostimmigrantsliveandworklegally,undocumentedmigrationisagrowingphenomenon.Alargegroupofworkersarenow
2、ofirregularstatusandthereforevulnerabletoexploitation.(AsianDevelopmentBank[ADB],2006,p.3;Hugo,2006,p.1;InternationalLabourOrganization[ILO],2007,p.13,57)AnothersignificanttrendofmigrationinSouthandSouth-eastAsiaistheincreaseinnumbersoffemalemigrants.Overthelastdecade,moreandmorewomenha
3、vebeengoingabroadindependentlyasdomesticworkisoneofthelargestsectorsdrivinginternationalfemalelabourmigration.(ADB,2006,p.3;ESCAP,2005,p.50;UNFPA,2006,p.25)In2005,Asianwomenrepresented44.7%ofthetotalmigrantsintheregion,particularlyinthePhilippines,IndonesiaandSriLankawheretherearemorefe
4、malethanmalemigrants.(Asiafidh,2007,p.2)Expertspointtoremittancesfrominternationalmigrationasanimportantfactorforpovertyreduction.TheWorldBankestimatesthatin2005formallytransferredremittancestotaledaboutUS$232billion,ofwhichdevelopingcountriesreceivedUS$167.(Hugo,2006,p.1-2;ILO,2007,p.5
5、7;UnitedNationsPopulationFund[UNFDA],2006,p.12)VietnamisacountryintheMekongSub-regionandVietnameseoverseasworkerscurrentlyheadforsimilardestinationcountriesasoverseasworkersfromothercountriesintheregion.Therearemanyvulnerablemigrants,bothmaleandfemale.Exchangingexperienceandknowledgeamo
6、ngcountriesintheregionisessentialtolearn,prevent,andprotectthemigrantvictimsinthefuture.ObjectivesThisstudyexaminesthesituationandtrendsofinternationallabourmigrationinVietnam,focusedonoverseasworkers,updatingpre-departureprocessing,labourmarketsindestinationcountries,typeofwork,quality
7、ofVietnameseworkers,problems,andthesocialimpactofmigration.MethodologyThisstudyreliesonacombinationofprimaryandsecondarysources.Thesecondarysourcescomefromareviewoftheliteratureincludingresearchreports,books,publications,news,anddatafromtheinternet.Theprimarysourcescamefrominte
