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时间:2019-07-18
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1、TheInstitutionofMechanicalEngineers孫子兵法SunTzu’s“TheArtofWar”Speaker:ProfTin-puiLEUNG,PastPresident,IMechEHongKongBranch孫子兵法──世界上最早的兵書、軍事理論著作TheArtofWar–theoldestbookonmilitarystrategyintheworld!!Author:孫子(SunTzu)即孫武(SunWu),春秋(TheSpringandAutumnPeriod)末期齊國(stateofQi)人,約與孔子(Confuc
2、ius,551–479B.C.)同期。The“ArtofWar”broughtSunTzutothenoticeofHelu,KingofWuandbecamehisgeneralin512BC.Foralmosttwodecades,thearmiesofWuwerevictoriousovertheirhereditaryenemies,theKingdomofChu.孫子兵法的層次Gradationof“TheArtofWar”孫子兵法是從哲理的層面,來觀察戰爭現象,探討和揭示戰爭的規律。Fromphilosophicpointofviewtoo
3、bserveWarandrevealitsregularpattern.孫子兵法包含四個層次:Thefourgradationsof“TheArtofWar”1.戰爭觀念ThenotionofWar一個軍事家,對戰事要有一個基本的態度,是肯定還是否定戰事?戰爭與政治、戰爭與民心?勝負的問題、戰爭的性質(正義的,還是非正義的?)。最主要的核心,就是‘慎戰’不要窮兵黷武。AmilitaristshouldhavehisownstandtoWar.Toaffirmortodeny?Warandpolitics?Victoryordefeat?Thenatur
4、e?Theprimeimportanceistoponderdeeplyoverandnottowantonlyengageinmilitaryaggression.2.戰略思想Themilitarystrategy不戰而屈人之兵(indefeatingtheenemywithouteverfighting)先發制人(toforestalltheenemy)速戰速決(rapidity)3.戰術思想Themilitarytactics爭取主動權──‘致人而不致于人’(Stirsandisnotstirred)知彼知己(Knowtheenemy,knowy
5、ourself)避實而擊虛(Warshunsthestrongandattackstheweak)4.治軍理論Leadingthearmy訓練、調教(militarytraining)紀律、規章制度(discipline,rulesandregulations)用將,將領用什麼樣的人(thecommander)部隊的賞罰(Rewards)‘令之以文,齊之以武’(Command(troops)withcivility,rallythemwithmaritaldiscipline)──用政治教育、物質鼓勵、精神鼓勵來教育軍隊,及用嚴格的軍紀軍法管理軍隊。p
6、oliticaleducation,materialreward,moralencouragementandseveremilitaryrulesandregulations.孫子兵法的意義Significanceof“TheArtofWar”孫子兵法的意義,不完全在它兵法的本身。文化有兩種形態。第一種是很輝煌,很有價值的東西(如甲骨文,對聯、書畫、等等)。第二種是文明形態,如‘周易’、‘老子’、‘論語’,而‘孫子兵法’就是包含在這種文化之中──是活的、生生不息的及給人啟示的。“TheArtofWar”hasbeenappliedtofieldswel
7、loutsidethemilitary.十個問題孫子兵法圍繞着十個問題:TheTenQuestions:1.義與利(justiceandbenefit)2.力與謀(strengthandwisdom)3.常與變(constancyandchange)4.物與我5.虛與實(emptyandfull)6.利與害(advantageanddisadvantage)7.迂與直(circuitousnessanddirectness)8.勢與節(中庸)(potentialenergyandmoderation)9.全與偏(comprehensiveness
8、andbias)10.知與行(understandingandaction)孫子運用當中的四個
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