《状语从句》ppt课件

《《状语从句》ppt课件》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

状语从句1、时间状语从句2、地点状语从句3、原因状语从句4、目的状语从句5、结果状语从句6、条件状语从句7、方式状语从句8、让步状语从句9、比较状语从句状语从句【精讲】 定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语或是整个句子。准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。 状语从句的位置比较灵活，有时可以放于句首，有时可以置于句末。状语从句位于句首时，其后常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。状语从句可以根据其用途分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。 1.时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,while,as,themoment,before,after,till,until,since,assoonas等。请注意when,while,as的区别 Whenyouwereborn,you’recryingbutlookers-onweresmiling.Whenyouarepassingaway,you’resmilingbutlookers-onarecrying。Manmightthinkthatfewwomenfithimbeforehismarriage,andcontrarilywhentheygetmarried。Apartfromtears,onlytimecouldweareverythingaway.Whilefeelingisbeingprocessedbytime,conflictswouldbereconciledastimegoesby,justlikeacupofteathatisbeingcontinuouslydiluted。 1连接词when的用法小结when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续也可以是表短暂性动作的动词(非延续性)。如Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogototheseashore.2.可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：(刚要……这时突然……)记忆Sb.wasdoingsomethingwasabouttodosth+when…wasonthepointofdoingsth.hadjustdonesth. 如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语和be可以省略；当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，往往还可以用“when＋分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如：When(youare)introuble,askherforhelp.WhenIcameintotheroom(=Whencomingintotheroom),Ifoundhimlyingthereasleep.、 Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethimIwasabouttofallasleepwhenmysistercamein.3.还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since;consideringthat。如：Whydoyouwalkwhenyouhaveacar?既然你有车为什么要步行呢？ 1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，在……期间，往往指一段时间。如：Whileweweretalking,hecamein.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Studywhileyoustudy;playwhileyouplay.该学习的时候就学习，该玩的时候就玩。ImetherwhileIwasatschool.当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。2连接词while的用法小结 ※while含义：WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.(while=_______)Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.(while=_______)WhileIreallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(while=___________)Whilethereislifethereishope.(while=_______________)whenalthoughaslongasbut 连接词when,while,as的用法区别：1．while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：When/Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.(不可延续，短暂性动词，只可以用when，不可用while)2．表示“随着……”，连词用as，不用when或while。如：Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse. 3．如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while与as可互换使用。如：When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.4.从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。如Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.Whenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.（这个时候的when=after） TrueorFalseWhenhewokeup，itwaseighto‘clock.（√）Whilehewokeup，itwaseighto‘clock.（×）WhenIwaswaitingforabus，Imether.（√）WhileIwaswaitingforabus，Imether.（√） 1．当我们到达火车站时，天正下着雪。______________________________2．孩子们正在做游戏，突然铃响了。______________________________3．爸爸在洗车时，妈妈在做饭。______________________________4．琳达正在跑步时伤了自己的左腿。______________________________5．我们在西安时，每天见面。______________________________ Key:1．Whenwegottothetrainstation，itwassnowing．2．Thechildrenwereplayinggameswhenthebellrang．3．Whiledadwaswashinghiscar，mumwascooking．4．When／WhileLindawasrunning，shehurtherleftleg．5．When／WhilewewereinXi'an，wemeteveryday． 区别介词（prep.）until后接的不是句子连词（conj.）until后接的是句子共同点当谓语动词为延续性动词时，用肯定形式当谓语v为非延续性动词时，用否定形式译成：直到…时/到…为止译成：在...以前/直到...才until（即是介词又是连词）要区分开哪种情况是介词及连词一介词prep.1.直到...时,到...为止Willthisfishkeepuntiltomorrow?这鱼能搁到明天吗?2.(用于否定句)在...之前,直到...才Shedidn'tgotobeduntileleveno'Alock.她直到十一点才上床睡觉。 连接词conj.1.直到...时,到...为止Youcanwaithereuntilhelpcomes.你可以在这里等，直到有人来帮你。2.(用于否定句)在...以前,直到...才Shedidn'tgotobeduntilherdaughtercameback.她一直等到女儿回来才去睡觉。Youcan‘tleaveuntilIcomeback.。直到我回来你才可以离开“not…until””意思是：“直到……才……”表示在这个界限之前一直没有发生这个动作“until””意思是：“直到……”表示这个动作一直延续到这个界限出现时。 易错点：将“not…until””句型翻译成了否定句，如上句：直到我回来你不可以离开×）wait、keep是延续性动词，所以用肯定形式；而gotobed、leave是非延续性动词，所以用否定形式。用“until”还是“not…until”要看谓语动词是延续性还是非延续性动词 对not…until的强调结构为“Itis/wasnotuntil…that…”虽然两者都有not进行了否定，但中文要译成肯定“直到……才……”ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatInoticedit.=Ididn’tnoticeituntilyesterday.直到昨天我才注意到此事。ItwasnotuntilIsawMarythatIfelthappy.=Ididn’tfeelhappyuntilIsawMary直到见到玛丽我才高兴起来。Itis/wasnotuntil+从句+that+主句Notuntil…放在句首，该句型中的主句用倒装结构，until引导的从句不要倒装。Notuntil+从句+倒装的主句Itwas_____Iwentthere_____Ibegantoknowsomethingaboutthematter.直到我到那里我才了解那件事。A.until;whenB.until;thatC.notuntil;thatD.notwhen;that（正确为C） since,assoonas在itis/hasbeen+段时间+since从句中，时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinourclass.Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere她离开我们班有三年了。他不住这儿有三年了。比较itisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.ItisthreeyearssinceIbegantosmoke.我不吸烟有三年了。我吸烟有三年了考点:assoonas“一…就”“刚….就”我一到达上海就给你打电话。（时态）IwilcallyouassoonasIarriveinShanghai.时态要求从句以一般现在时代替将来时 考点:易混淆句型itis+时间+sincebeforewhenthatItisfiveyears______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyears______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyearslater_______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwas5o’clock_____hegothome.Itwasat5o’clock_____hegothome.whenthatsincebeforethat 一、关于thatItbe+被强调部分+that+其它。判断强调句型的方法是：若去掉该句型结构（Itbe…that）剩下部分句子结构仍然成立。如：Itwasinthestreet_____Imethimyesterday.若去掉“Itwas…_____”部分后为InthestreetImethimyesterday.此句无任何错误，故答案为that无疑。我们再看这一句：Itwaswinter_____Icamehere.本句也是itwas开头，故也先考虑that，去掉“Itwas…___”后为winterIcamehere.此句明显为错句，故选空中不可能为that. 二、关于since句型：在since引导的时间状语从名中，谓语动词有终止性（界限性）与延续性的区别，则所表达的意思就完全不相同。例如：    一、在since时间从句中用非持续性动词时，时间的计算应从该动作发生之时开始；若是用持续性动词，时间的计算则应从该动作结束之时开始。例如：Ihaven’tseenhimsinceheleftWuhan.自从他离开武汉以来，我一直没见过他。（这里的left为非持续性动词，时间的计算应从left的动作发生之时开始。）Shehasstayedatheruncle’ssinceshewasill.她自病愈以来就一直住在她叔叔家里。 （这里wasill是持续性的“状态”，用在since从句中同样表示这种“状态”的结束，也就是“不生病”或“病愈了”） 1、Ithasrainedagreatdealsinceyouleft.你走之后下了好多雨。2、WehavelivedinShanghaisinceweparted.自从分手以后，我们一直住在上海。3、ShehaschangedmuchsinceItaughther.自从我不教她以来，她变化很大。4、Wehaven’theardfromJohnsinceheworkedthere.自从约翰不在那里工作以后，我们再也没有收到他的来信。5、Wehavenotseeneachothersincewewereboystogether.从小时候分别以来，我们再也没有见过面。6、Itisaweeksincehewasinhospital他出院已有一星期了。 Itbe+时间+since从句(1)since从句的动词时态应该为一般过去时（2）句型中的“时间”应为一段时间（3）主句中的动词，既be应为一般现在时is（4）since译为“自从……以来”此句型需要注意的问题：1、当since从句中用的是短暂性动词时，含义为“从句的动作持续了多久”。如：Itisfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军有五年了。2、当since从句中用的是持续性动词，含义为“从句的动作没有发生多久”或“多久之前某事发了”。如：Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere.他不在这住已经三年了。（三年前他住在这） 三、关于before句型：Itbe+时间+before从句从before的含义“在……之前”可以分析出,before从句中的时态只有一般现在时（代替一般将来时）和一般过去时（代替过去将来时）两种。相应地，上面句型也就演变成下面两种形式：（1）Itis+时间+before+主语+do（2）Itwas+时间+before+主语+didItwas5yearsbeforewemetagain.五年后我们又见了面。Itwillbe5yearsbeforewemeetagain.五年后我们才能再见面。1）句型Itwillbe/was＋段时间＋before…“还要过多久才……”如：Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2）句型Itwillbe/wasnot＋一段时间＋before…“没多久就……”如：Itwasn’ttwoyearsbeforeheleftthecountry. 四、关于when句型：Itbe+时间+when从句1从when的本意（当……时候）来看，某件事的发生肯定是在某一点进行的，即“点时间”，故该句型中的时间为点时间无疑。2依时态该句型可演变为下面两种形式：①Itwas+点时间+when+主语+did②Itwillbe+点时间+when+主语+doeg.Itwas6o’clockwhenwegothome.我们六点到家。Wasit11o’clockwhenhecamebacklastnight？昨晚他是十一点回来的吗？ 1.Itwasn’tuntilnearlyamonthlater___Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.that2.Itwasnearlyamonth_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.3.Itwasnearly9o’clock_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.4.Itwasnearlyat9o’clock_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.beforewhenthat 6由hardly…when；nosooner…than引导。hardly…when和nosooner…than的意义相当于assoonas,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，hardly或nosooner位于句首时比assoonas语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。如：Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.（=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.）7由everytime,bythetime,themoment,immediately引导在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。如：EverytimeItravelledbyboat,Igotseasick.Immediately(=Assoonas)heclimbedtothetopofthetree,hefoundtheenemysoldiershadarrived. 2地点状语从句：由where，wherever引导。where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。Where---在……地方Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.Wherethathighbuildingstands,thereusedtobesomelow,desertedhouses.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherever---无论哪里Hefollowsherwherevershegoes.Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou. 在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】Youshouldputthebookatwhereitwas.【正】Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.你应该把书放在原来的地方。【误】Weshouldgotowhereweareneededmost.【正】Weshouldgowhereweareneededmost.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。 3原因状语从句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,for,seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱.1）由because引导。because用来回答why的问题，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。如：IcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasonduty.MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.Hesaidthathecouldn’tworkbecausethecomputerwasoutoforder. because和for的区别。for是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。【误】Forhedidnotobeytherules,hewaspunished.【正】Becausehedidnotobeytherules,hewaspunished.2）由since，as引导。since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首。Since---既然因语气较弱,常译为既然as原因状语从句常放在句首,说明原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中。Asitisquitewindytoday,hedecides.Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.Sincethepurserdidn’ttelluswhattodo,wecanrelax. 3）由nowthat,consideringthat,seeingthat引导。Nowthat---既然Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.Nowthatallairlinesofferdiscountprices,weshoulddothesame.consideringthat---顾及到Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.seeingthat---由于Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff. 4.目的状语从句：由sothat,inorderthat,lest=（forfearthat）引导。目的状语从句中常用情态动词may(might),can(could),should等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后,主从句之间不用任何标点符号。如：IshallwritedownyourtelephonenumbersothatImaynotforgetit.Putonmoreclotheslest(=forfearthat)youshouldcatchacold. 5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,sothat,so…that…such…thatSo…that---太……以至于so后面应用形容词或副词,有时省略so只用thatBoeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb. 2Sothat---因而，以便，为了有时so可以省去CanyoumoveyourluggagealittlebitawaysothatIcanputmineintheoverheadbintoo.Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.3Such…that…---太……以至于用法so…that相同，但such后面应用名词。Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim. 6条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有:If,unless,aslongas,incase,providedthat,onconditionthat1If---如果Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.Ifitsnowstomorrow,theflightwillbecanceled.Ifyouleaveat6o’clocktomorrowmorning,you’dbettergettobednow.2Unless---如果不,除非=ifnotWecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight=Wecannotgetthereontimeifwedon’tbooktheearliestflight. Hewillnotjoinusunlesshechangeshismind.Don’ttroubletroubleunlesstroubletroublesyou.3Aslongas---只要Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.Youcan’tplaygamesaslongasyouremembertherules.Amanisnotoldaslongasheisseekingsomething.4As(so)faras---据……所知AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.As/SofarasIknow,heisanexpertonDNA.5Incase---假使,如果万一Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty. 6Providedthat如果,有时省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Youcanbecomeastewardessprovidedthatyouareingoodshapeandyouhavegotthepropereducation.7Onconditionthat---条件是…Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.ThemotherpromisedtothesontobuyhimatoyairplaneonconditionthathepasseshisEnglishtest.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.Hesaidhewouldnotleaveunlessitwasfinenextday. 7.方式状语从句：由as，asif，asthough引导。此处as译为“按照”或“正如”，asif或asthough的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。如：DrawacatasItaughtyou. 8让步状语从句让步状语从句通常用though,although,nomatter,evenif,if,eventhough,however,whatever等引起。△让步状语从句可以前置，也可以后置；前置时强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。有时也可以采取中位（插入句中）。 1．although和though引导的让步状语从句：①两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用，如：Hedidn’tlightthefirethough/althoughitwascold.②although比though较正式，语气较重，常用于强调让步概念，如：HeinsistedondoingitalthoughIwarnedhimnotto.③though可以和even连用，但although不可以，如：Although/Eventhoughhewaslate,hewasnotcriticizedbytheteacher． ④当让步状语从句是指一种假设的情况，不指事实时，通常用though，而不用although，如：Hewillneverdosuchathingthoughhe(should)beforcedto.Thoughalltheworldwereagainstme,Ishallstillholdtomyopinion.⑤though可以在非正式文体中用作连接性状语，而although则不行。（though可以放在句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开），如：Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn’t,though.⑥though引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语等放在though之前），而although不能这样用，如：Youngthoughsheis,yetsheisfitforthejob.(=Youngassheis,…) ⑦有时可用副词yet,still,nevertheless(但不能用连词but)来配合连接词though或although，以加强语气，如：Thoughheisoverseventy,yet/still/neverthelesshecanridethebike.⑧though和although后面的主语和谓语动词be可以省略，如果这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时，如：Though(itwas)cold,itwasafinewintermorning.Though(hewas)severelywounded,yetherefusedtoleavethebattlefield.Though(theywere)verytired,theycontinuedtomarchon. 2．evenif,eventhough和if引导的让步状语从句：△evenif与eventhough同义，常用于强调让步概念，如：I’lldoit,evenifittakesmealltheafternoon.Hewasthereevenifwedidn’tseehim.注：if有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if与让步if的区别，试比较：Ifheispoor,howcanhebuythehouse?(条件)Ifheispoor,heisatleasthonest.(让步)(=evenif)Ifheisinexperienced,hewon’tbeabletoaccomplishit.(条件)Ifheisinexperienced,heisatanyrateeagertolearn.(让步)(=evenif) 3．由as,that,though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。 ①表语的倒装：Tiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.OldasIam,Icanstillfight.Cleverasyoumaybe,youcannotdothat.Tallas/thoughhewas,hecouldn’treachthetopshelf.Difficultthoughthetaskwas,theymanagedtoaccomplishitintime.②状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem. ③谓语动词的倒装：Tryashewould,hecouldnotrememberawordofit.(=Nomatterhowhewouldtry…)Tryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.Hatehimaswemay,wemustadmithisgreatness.Searchastheywould,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.Tryasyoumay,youwillneversucceed. 注意事项：①如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语，不再用冠词，如：TeacherasMichaelis,heisnotcapableofteachingallsubjects.Childas/thathewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Youngestasheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishthebest.Childasheis,heknowsmuch.②as从句可以置于主句前、主句后或句中，当as从句置于句首时，主句前可加yet，如：Mary,braveassheis,isafraidofsnakes.Hewasunabletomakemuchprogress,hardashetried.Richasheis,(yet)Idon’tenvyhim. ③当作表语的形容词提前时，如果从句的主语是人称代词，那么它只能放在动词之前；如果从句的主语是名词，则可用倒装语序，也可用陈述语序，如：Tiredasweretheworkers,theydidnotstop.Cleverthough/asyoumaybe,youcan’tdothat.④as从句与主句在时态上可以不一致，如：Childasheis,hewasbrave.⑤注意区别as引导的原因从句与让步从句，试比较：Lawyerasheis,heexplainsthereasonclearly.(原因从句)Lawyerasheis,hecan’texplainthereasonveryclearly.(让步从句) 4．eventhough和thougheventhough(=evenif)引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”；though引导的从句指事实，意为“尽管”、“虽然”，例如：Hewillnotrevealthesecret,eventhoughheknowsit.(可能知道，也可能不知道。)Hewillnotrevealthesecretthoughheknowsit.(虽然知道，却不说出来。) 5．while引导的让步状语从句：while(=although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置,位于句首，如：Whileyoumayberight,Ican’taltogetheragree.WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.注意比较下列各句：WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.(让步)WhileIwasreading,thelightwentout.(时间)Motionisabsolutewhilestagnationisrelative.(转折、对比)Heisidle,whilehisbrotherisdiligent.(转折、对比) 6．whether…or…引导的让步状语从句：△这种从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如：Whetherhedrivesor(whetherhe)flies,hewillbehereontime.Whetheryoulikeitornot,you’llhavetodoit.Whetherornotitrains,I’mgivingapartytomorrow.Weholdthatallcountries,(whethertheyare)bigorsmall,(whethertheyare)richorpoor,shouldbeequal.Whetheritrainsorsnows,Iwillgotonight.Shehadtogo,whetherornotshewantedit. 7．由连接代词whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引导的让步状语从句：Whoever(=nomatterwho)isunwillingtogo,Iwillgo.(whoever既相当于连接词短语nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词who)Whomever(=nomatterwhom)youaredealingwith,thismethodisnogood.Whatever(=nomatterwhat)happens,keepcalm.Whateverothersmaysay,youarecertainlyright.Whichever(=nomatterwhich)youchoose,wehavenoobjection. 8．由连接形容词whatever或whichever引导的让步状语从句，如：Whatever(=nomatterwhat)difficultiesmayarise,wemustandcanovercomethemonebyone.(whatever既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what修饰名词difficulties。)Whichever(=nomatterwhich)roomisassignedtohim,hewillhavenoobjection.Whichevermethodyouuse,theresultismuchthesame. 9．由连接副词however,wherever或whenever引导的让步状语从句。例如：However(=nomatterhow)difficultthetaskmaybe,wewillfulfilitontime.(however既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词how修饰difficult。)Wherever(=nomatterwhere)theywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.WheneverI’munhappy,hecheersmeup.ThedogfollowsmewhereverIgo.10．注意以上几种结构的省略形式：Howeverdifficultthetask(maybe),itwillbefulfilledontime.Howevergreatthedifficulties(maybe),wewillneverretreat.Whateverthedifficulties(maybe),theymustandcanbeovercome. 11．由whenever,wherever引导的从句，同时也分别是时间状语从句和地点状语从句，这里作为让步状语从句来看待，是强调它们带有nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere的含义。在口语中用nomatter+wh-结构比较常见。例如：NomatterwhatIdid,noonepaidanyattention.(=WhateverIdid,…)Nomatterwhenandhowtheinvaderscome,theywillbewipedoutclean.Nomatterwhoitis,Idon’twanttoseehim.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitintime.Itistrue,nomatterwhatyoumaysay.(可置于主句之后)Don’tbelievetherumour,nomatterwhorepeatsit.(可置于主句之后)口语中还可以这样用：Itdoesn’tmatter(=Nomatter)whathemaysay,Iamgoing. 9.比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的连词有：As…as…,notso(as)…as…,.…than…,themore…themore...1As…as…---像……一样Ifyoudon’twanttomisstheflight,youneedtobeattheairportasearlyaspossible.Mygrandmatoldmethathereyesightwasasgoodas10yearsbefore.Cultivationtothemindisasnecessaryasfoodforthebody.2Notso(as)…as…---不像……ThejobisnotsodifficultasIthoughtitwouldbe.Theflightwasnotso/asharmfulasthecaptainpredicted. 3…than…---比……怎么样，用于事物间的比较，more后面用形容词或副词Peoplebelievethatbeingastewardessisbetterthanmostoftheotherjobs.IpersonallythinkthattheAmericanmoviesaremoreinterestingthanChineseonesThemore…,themore---越……越Themorehelistenedtothatsong,thelessheenjoyedit.Themorethingsamanisashamedof,themorerespectableheis.