Concept Of The Curriculum书籍

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1、ConceptOfTheCurriculumTheCiurriculumasSubjectsandSubjectMatterHistoricallyandcurrently，thedominantconceptofthecurriculumisthatofsubjectsandsubjectmatterthereintobetaughtbyteachersandlearnedbystudents.Inhighschoolsandcolleges，thetermcurriculumhasbeenandstilliswidelyusedtorefertothesetof

2、subjectsorcoursesoffered，andalsotothosere-quiredorrecommendedorgroupedforotherpurposes；thus，suchtermsasthecollegepreparatorycurriculum，sciencecurriculum，andpremedicalcurriculumarecommonlyused.Incurriculumterminology，programofstudiesismoreproperlyusedintheseconnections.Despiteeffortsfor

3、overahalfcenturytoachievebroaderanddifferentcurricu-lumfoci，theconceptofcurriculumassubjectmatterpersistsasthebasisofthedominantcurriculumdesign.Itwascentraltoandemphasizedbythewaveofcur-riculumdevelopmentinthesubjectfieldsthatbeganinthe1950sandwasstimula-tedbytheRussianadvanceintooute

4、rspaceandsubsequentpressuretoimproveAmericaneducation.Theconceptofthecurriculumassubjectsandsubjectmatterhasbeenreflectedinaplethoraoftheoriesrelatingtoprinciplesforselection，sequence，andgradeplacementofsubjectmatter.Comprehensivestatementsofthetheoryunderlyingcurriculumplanningforasub

5、jectcurriculumareofrelativelyrecentorigin，per-hapsbecausetheprocesswassolongunchallengedandinageneralsenseiswellknown.Curriculumplanningforasubjectcurriculumfollowsafairlycommonformula：1．Useexpertjudgment（basedonvarioussocialandeducationalfac-tors)todeterminewhatsubjectstoteach.2.Useso

6、mecriterion（difficulty，interest，sequence，forexample）toselectthe-subjectmatterforparticularpopulations（grouped，forex-ample，bystate，district，age，orgrade)andsubjects.3.Planandimplementappropriatemethodsofinstructiontoensuremasteryofthesubjectmatterselected.Evenwiththemoresophisticatedtheo

7、riesandprocessesnowavailable，were-jectasinadequateanyconceptionofthecurriculumwhichconfineseducationtothefieldsoforganizedknowledge.Earlier，whensubjectplanningandmaterialsdevelopmentwerelesswelldonethantheyaretoday，curriculumtheorizinggen-erallytendedtobefocusedonmovingawayfromthesub