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1、RepresentingtheWorld:theExperiential/IdeationalMetafunction5.1IntroductionWhatisexperientialmetafunction?Aswellasusinglanguagetointeractwithpeople,weclearlyuseittotalkabouttheworld,eithertheexternalworld,things,events,qualities,etc.,orourinternalworld,thoughts,beliefs,feelings,etc.Thisfunc
2、tionoflanguageiscalledexperientialmetafunction.Whenwelookathowlanguageworksfromthisperspective,wearefocusingprimarilyonthe‘content’ofamessageratherthanthepurposeforwhichthespeakerhasutteredit.Ideationfocusesonthe‘content’ofadiscourse:whatkindsofactivitiesareundertaken,andhowparticipantsint
3、heseactivitiesaredescribed,howtheyareclassifiedandwhattheyarecomposedof.Ideationisconcernedwithhowourexperienceof‘reality’,materialandsymbolic,isconstruedindiscourse.MartinandRose2003p.66Atthesimplestlevel,languagereflectsourviewoftheworldasconsistingof“going-on”(verbs)involvingthings(noun
4、s)whichmayhaveattributes(adjectives)andwhichgoonagainstbackgrounddetailsofplace,time,manner,etc.(adverbials).Ifweusefunctinallabels,wecanexpresswhatwehavesaidaboutthe“content”ofclausesintermofprocessesinvolvingparticipantsincertaincircumstances.PatternsofExperienceintheClauseParticipant(s)
5、ProcessCircumstancesNominalgroupVerbalgroupAdverbialgroup/PrepositionalphraseTheyslowlyunlockthefrontdoorParticipantCircumstanceProcessParticipant5.2TransitivityItreferstoasystemfordescribingthewholeclause,ratherthanjustawayofdistinguishingbetweenverbsaccordingtowhethertheyhaveanobjectorno
6、t.However,itdoessharewiththetraditionaluseafocusontheverbalgroup,sinceitisthetypeofprocesswhichdetermineshowtheparticipantsarelabeled.Therearetherebasicquestionsthatcanbeaskedaboutanyprocessandtheclauseofwhichitformsthenucleus:1.Whatkindofprocessisit?2.Howmanyparticipantscan/mustbeinvolved
7、intheprocess?3.Whatrolecan/mustthoseparticipantsplay?Thompson,p79:Indecidingwhattypesofprocesstorecognize,weresorttoacombinationofsenseandgrammar.Wealsoneedtosetupcategoriestocapturethemeaningandgrammar.(1)materialprocess(2)mentalprocess(3)relationalprocess(4)