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1、RepresentingOphelia:Women,Madness,andtheResponsibilitiesofFeministCriticismElaineShowalterThoughsheisneglectedincriticism,OpheliaisprobablythemostfrequentlyillustratedandcitedofShakespeare’sheroines.Hervisibilityasasubjectinliterature,popularculture,andpainting,fromRedonwhopa
2、intsherdrowning,toBobDylan,whoplacesheronDesolationRow,toCannonMills,whichhasnamedaflowerysheetpatternafterher,isininverserelationtoherinvisibilityinShakespeareancriticaltexts.Whyhasshebeensuchapotentandobsessivefigureinourculturalmythology?InsofarasHamletnamesOpheliaas“woman
3、”and“frailty,”substitutinganideologicalviewoffemininityforapersonalone,issheindeedrepresentativeofWoman,anddoeshermadnessstandfortheoppressionofwomeninsocietyaswellasintragedy?Furthermore,sinceLaertescallsOpheliaa“documentinmadness,”doessherepresentthetextualarchetypeofwomana
4、smadnessormadnessaswoman?Andfinally,howshouldfeministcriticismrepresentOpheliainitsowndiscourse?Whatisourresponsibilitytowardsherascharacterandaswoman?Feministcriticshaveofferedavarietyofresponsestothesequestions.SomehavemaintainedthatweshouldrepresentOpheliaasalawyerrepresen
5、tsaclient,thatweshouldbecomeherHoratio,inthisharshworldreportingherandhercausearighttotheunsatisfied.CarolNeely,forexample,describesadvocacy--speakingforOphelia--asourproperrole:“Asafeministcritic,”shewrites,“Imust‘tell’Ophelia’sstory.”ButwhatcanwemeanbyOphelia’sstory?Thestor
6、yofherlife?Thestoryofherbetrayalatthehandsofherfather,brother,lover,court,society?ThestoryofherrejectionandmarginalisationbymalecriticsofShakespeare?ShakespearegivesusverylittleinformationfromwhichtoimagineapastforOphelia.Sheappearsinonlyfiveoftheplay’stwentyscenes;thepre-pla
7、ycourseofherlovestorywithHamletisknownonlybyafewambiguousflashbacks.Hertragedyissubordinatedintheplay;unlikeHamlet,shedoesnotstrugglewithmoralchoicesoralternatives.Thusanotherfeministcritic,LeeDewards,concludesthatitisimpossibletoreconstructOphelia’sbiographyfromthetext:“Weca
8、nimagineHamlet’sstorywithoutOphelia,butOphelialiterallyhasnostorywit
