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1、JExpBiolAdvanceOnlineArticles.Firstpostedonlineon4September2014asdoi:10.1242/jeb.084897Accessthemostrecentversionathttp://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.0848971ClapandFlingMechanismwithInteractingPorousWingsinTinyInsect2Flight12433ArvindSanthanakrishnan,Alic
2、eK.Robinson,ShannonJones,AudreyAnnLow,Sneha343,4,*4Gadi,TysonL.HedrickandLauraA.Miller15SchoolofMechanical&AerospaceEngineering,OklahomaStateUniversity,218Engineering26North,Stillwater,OK74078-5016,USA,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,Irvine,CA92697,37USA,DepartmentofMath
3、ematics,UniversityofNorthCarolina,ChapelHill,NC27599,USA48DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofNorthCarolina,ChapelHill,NC27599,USA*9Authorforcorrespondence(e-mail:lam9@email.unc.edu)1011Summary12Theaerodynamicsofflappingflightforthesmallestinsectssuchasthripsisoftencharact
4、erized13bya'clapandfling'ofthewingsattheendoftheupstrokeandthebeginningofthedownstroke.14TheseinsectsflyatReynoldsnumbers(Re)ontheorderof10orlesswhereviscouseffectsare15significant.Althoughthiswingmotionisknowntoaugmenttheliftgeneratedduringflight,the16dragrequiredtofl
5、ingthewingsapartatthisscaleisanorderofmagnitudelargerthanthe17correspondingforceactingonasinglewing.Sincetheopposingforcesactingnormaltoeach18wingnearlycancelduringthefling,theselargeforcesdonothaveaclearaerodynamicbenefit.If19flightefficiencyisdefinedastheratioofliftt
6、odrag,the'clapandfling'motiondramatically20reducesefficiencyrelativetothecaseofwingsthatdonotaerodynamicallyinteract.Inthis21paper,theeffectofabristledwingcharacteristicofmanyoftheseinsectsisinvestigatedusing22computationalfluiddynamics.Weperform2Dnumericalsimulationsu
7、singaporousversionofTheJournalofExperimentalBiology–ACCEPTEDAUTHORMANUSCRIPT23theimmersedboundarymethod.Giventhecomputationalcomplexityinvolvedinmodelingflow24throughexactdescriptionsofbristledwings,thewingismodeledasahomogenousporouslayer25asafirstapproximation.High-s
8、peedvideorecordingsoffreeflyingthripsintake-offflightwere26capturedinthelaboratory,andananalysisofthewingkinematicswa
