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1、SSLA,28,601–632+PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica+DOI:10+10170S0272263106060281THEACQUISITIONOFSINGLEANDGEMINATESTOPSBYENGLISH-SPEAKINGCHILDRENINAJAPANESEIMMERSIONPROGRAMTetsuoHaradaWasedaUniversityThisstudyacousticallyanalyzedtheproductionofsingleandgem-inatestopsinJa
2、panesebyEnglish-speakingchildren(N=19)atthreedifferentgradelevelsinaJapaneseimmersionprogram.Resultsshowthatboththeirsingletonsandgeminatesweresignificantlylon-gerthanthoseofJapanesemonolingualsandthebilinguals’immer-sionteachers,butalloftheimmersiongroupshaveacquiredt
3、hecontrastbetweenthetwotypesofstop.ThisfindingsupportsFlege’s(1995)hypothesisthataphoneticcategoryestablishedforsecondlanguagesoundsbyabilingualmightdifferfromthatofamonolin-gual.Additionally,52nativespeakersofJapaneseratedthecon-trastbetweenthetwostopsproducedbyalloft
4、hebilingualchildrenandasubsetofthemonolingualchildren.Theaccentratingssug-gestthatthecontrastmadebytheimmersionchildrenwasnotnative-likedespitesomeindividualdifferencesintheirperformanceandthattherewasnostatisticaldifferenceinaccentratingsacrossthegradelevels.Thedegree
5、ofthecontrastcorrelatedfairlyhighlywiththeclosuredurationratioofgeminatestosingletons.Manypreviousstudieshaveclaimedthattheearlierchildrenareexposedtoasecondlanguage~L2!inanaturalisticsetting,themorelikelytheyaretoacquirenativelikepronunciation~Flege,1988b,1991,1992;Oy
6、ama,1976;Pat-kowski,1990,1994;Scovel,1969,1988,1995!+However,verylittleacousticPartofthisarticlewaspresentedatthe2000AAALConference,Vancouver,BritishColumbiaandthe2001AAALConference,St+Louis,MO+IwouldliketothankDr+R+Campbell,Dr+M+Celce-Murcia,Dr+S+Guion,Dr+S+Iwasaki,an
7、dDr+S+-A+JunaswellastheanonymousSSLAreviewersfortheirhelpfulcommentsonanearlierdraftofthisarticle+Iamalsogratefultothechildrenandtheirteachersfortheirparticipationinthisstudy,withoutwhomitwouldnothavebeenpossible+Addresscorrespondenceto:TetsuoHarada,SchoolofEducation,W
8、asedaUniversity,1-6-1NishiWasedaShinjuku,Tokyo169-8050,Japan;e-mail:tharada@waseda+jp+©2006CambridgeUniversityPress02
