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1、第1章主谓一致1.1指导原则主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配：l语法一致原则(grammaticalconcord)l意义一致原则(notionalconcord)l就近原则(principleofproximity)1.语法一致原则用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。lT
2、histableisagenuineantique.lBothpartieshavetheirownadvantages.lHerjobhassomethingtodowithcomputers.lShewantstogohome.lTheyaredivorcingeachother.lMarywaswatchingherselfinthemirror.lThebirdbuiltanest.lSusancomeshomeeveryweek-end.2.意义一致原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不
3、是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。lDemocraticgovernmentgraduallytaketheplaceofanall-powerfulmonarchy.lAbarrackswasattackedbytheguerilla.lMumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.lTheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.lItistheremainsofaruinedpalace.lThearchiveswaslost.lThispairoftrous
4、erscostsfiftydollars.3.就近原则有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。lEithermygrandsonsortheirfatheriscoming.lNooneexcepthisdaughtersagreewithhim.lMaryandhersistersarebakingacake.lNeitherRichardnorIamgoing.1.1以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题有些集合名词，如committee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,governme
5、nt,group,mob,staff,team,union等，在意义上是复数，但在语法形式上是单数，这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循“语法一致”或“意义一致”原则。Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.Acouncilofeldersgovernsthetribe.Thepresentgovernmentistryingtocontrolinflation.Theschoolstaffareexpectedtosuperviseschoolmeals.1.通常作复数的集体名词包
6、括police,people,cattle,militia,vermin等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.Themilitiawerecalledouttoguardtheborderland.Itseemsthecattleonthesidesofthedikesweretheonlylivingcreaturesinthesedesolatesurroundings.2.通常作不可数名词的集体名词通常作不可数名词的集体名词，包括poultr
7、y,foliag，machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise等,这类名词后的动词用单数形式。Poultryisexpensiveatthistimeofyear.Thatgreenfoliagewasrestful.Themerchandisehasarrivedundamaged.AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.Thesuiteoffurnitureheboughtwasofcontemporarystyle.Theequipmen
8、tofthephotographicstudiowasexpensive.3.可作单数也可作复数的集体名词可作单数也可作复数的集体名词,包括audience,committee,crew,family,government,jury等。Theaudiencewas/wereenthusiasticont
