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1、INVITEDPAPERCooperativeLocalizationinWirelessNetworksInharshenvironmentswheregeographicpositioningfails,communicationbetweenwirelessnodescanbeusedtoimprovetheaccuracyoflocationinformation.ByHenkWymeersch,MemberIEEE,JaimeLien,MemberIEEE,andMoeZ.Win,FellowIEEEABSTRACT
2、Location-awaretechnologieswillrev
3、olutionizeKEYWORDS
4、Cooperativeprocessing;factorgraphs;localization;manyaspectsofcommercial,publicservice,andmilitarysum-productalgorithm;ultrawidebandwidthtransmissionsectors,andareexpectedtospawnnumerousunforeseenapplications.Aneweraofhighlyaccurateubiquitouslocation-awarenessisonthehorizon,enabled
5、byaparadigmofI.INTRODUCTIONcooperationbetweennodes.Inthispaper,wegiveanoverviewLocationawarenessisrapidlybecominganessentialofcooperativelocalizationapproachesandapplythemtofeatureofmanycommercial,publicservice,andmilitaryultrawidebandwidth(UWB)wirelessnetworks.UWBtransmis-wirelessnetworks[1],[2].In
6、formationcollectedorsiontechnologyisparticularlyattractiveforshort-tomedium-communicatedbyawirelessnodeisoftenmeaningfulrangelocalization,especiallyinGPS-deniedenvironments:onlyinconjunctionwithknowledgeofthenode’swidetransmissionbandwidthsenablerobustcommunicationlocation.Forexample,sensornetworksu
7、sedfordetect-indensemultipathscenarios,andtheabilitytoresolveingspatialvariationsinenvironmentalconditions,suchsubnanoseconddelaysresultsincentimeter-leveldistanceastemperatureorpollution,requireknowledgeofeachresolution.Wewilldescribeseveralcooperativelocalizationsensor’slocation[3]–[5].Locationinf
8、ormationalsoalgorithmsandquantifytheirperformance,basedonrealisticfacilitatesanode’sinteractionswithitssurroundingsUWBrangingmodelsdevelopedthroughanextensivemea-andneighbors,enablingpervasivecomputingandsocialsurementcampaignusingFCC-compliantUWBradios.Wewillnetworkingapplications[6].Location-aware
9、technologiesalsopresentapowerfullocalizationalgorithmbymappingacanenableorbenefitavastarrayofadditionalgraphicalmodelforstatisticalinferenceontothenetworkapplications,includingintruderdetection[7],blu
