合作原则的英文表述

《合作原则的英文表述》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、4.1ThemaximofQuality:   "Trytomakeyourcontributiononethatistrue,.specifically:(i)donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.(ii)donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence"[18]转载于文联盟4.2ThemaximofQuantity:"(i)Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequiredforthecurrentpurposesoftheexchange(ii)Donotmakeyou

2、rcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired"[19]4.3ThemaximofRelation:   "Makeyourcontributionrelevant."[20]4.4ThemaximofManner:"Beperspicuousandspecifically:(i)avoidobscurityofexpression.(ii)avoidambiguity.(iii)bebrief(iv)beorderly."[21]   Fromwhatmentionedabove,wemayknowthattheCooperativePr

3、incipleenablesoneparticipantinaconversationtocommunicateontheassumptionthattheotherparticipantisbeingcooperative.Thesefourmaximsformanecessarypartofthedescriptionoflinguisticmeaninginthattheyexplainhowitisthatthespeakersoften“meanmorethantheysay”intheircommunications.   "Wemaydecidetowithhol

4、dwhateverinformationwepossess:’Nocomment!’Wemayinadvertentlyinfringeamaximorwecansecretlyviolateamaxim—e.g.AcouldmaliciouslyandfalselytellBthatJanethadwalkedintheoppositedirectionfromthepostoffice.Or–moreimportantly–wecanmakeablatantshowofbreakingoneofthemaxims(Gricetermsthisfloutingamaxim),

5、inordertoleadtheaddresseetolookforacovert,impliedmeaning."[22].Forexamples,(3) "Atthetimeofrecording,allthemembersofthecastweremembersofTheBBCPlayers.(Implicature:OneormoreofthemarenolongermembersofTheBBCPlayers.)"[23]   Generallyspeaking,"inGrice’sanalysis,thespeaker’sfloutingofamaximcombin

6、edwiththehearer’sassumptionthatthespeakerhasnorreallyabandonedtheco-operativeprincipleleadstoanimplicature"[24].Onethingthatdeservesourattentionisthatthefourmaxims,expressedintheimperativemoodhavesometimesbeenmisunderstoodasinstructionsforaspeakertobehaveinconversation.5.Possibleviolatingthe

7、CooperativePrincipleintheuseofeuphemisms   Inthelightoftheforegoingliteraturereviewandthetheoreticalbases,weknowthateuphemismsoreuphemisticexpressionsareimportantandpeopleoftenusethemincommunication.Inreality,itcanbefoundthatthesediplomatsandstates