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1、常见的修辞格 Simile（明喻）Simileisafigureofspeechinvolvingacomparisonbetweentwoormorethingswhichareessentiallydifferentbuthaveatleastonepropertyorcharacteristicincommon.Wordslikeas,as...as,asif,asthough,(just)as...so,andlikearethecommonlyusedexpressionstomaketh
2、ecomparison. Inwritingthewritermaycomparesomethingabstracttosomethingconcrete,somethingremotetosomethingproximal,somethingunfamiliartosomethingfamiliar,andsoforth.e.g.Thatmancan’tbetrusted.He’sasslipperyasaneel. Theoldman’shairisaswhiteassn
3、ow.Metaphor（暗喻/隐喻）Metaphorinvolvesacomparisonbetweentwoormoreunlikethingswhichshareatleastonepropertyorcharacteristic,butthecomparisonisnotexplicitlystated.Instead,itisimpliedorcondensed.e.g.Therewereafewlordlypoplars（白杨树）beforethehouse. H
4、eoftenprefacedhisremarksby“Ican’thelpthinking…” ★thelegofatablePersonification(拟人)Personificationisafigureofspeechthatgiveshumanattributeorfeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributestoinanimateobjects,ortoideasandabstractions.Itcanmakethed
5、escriptionmorevividandmoreimpressive.e.g.Thistimefateissmilingtohim. Duskcamestealthily.Metonymy(换喻)Metonymyinvolvesthechangeofname.Inotherwords,thisfigureofspeechinvolvesthesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.Thesubstitutednam
6、emaybeanattributeoftheotherthingorbecloselyrelatedwithit.e.g.Whenthewarwasover,helaiddowntheswordandtookupthepen. Hispursewouldnotallowhimthatluxury.Synecdoche（提喻）Synecdoche,incontrasttometonymy,isasubstitutionofthepartforthewholeandthewho
7、leforthepart.e.g.Thefarmswereshortofhandsduringtheharvestseason. GermanybeatArgentina2to1inthisexcitingfootballmatch.Euphemism(婉言)Euphemismisafigureofspeechwhichinvolvesthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffend
8、orsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Thetopicsmostlikelytobesubstitutedareillnesses,death,oldage,toilethabits,povertyandunemployment,menialjobsorprofessionsoflowsocialstanding,politicalandmilitaryactivities,andsoon.e.g. todie——topassaway;toleav
