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1、CONSTRUCTIVISTANDECOLOGICAL1RATIONALITYINECONOMICSPrizeLecture,December8,2002byVERNONL.SMITH,2InterdisciplinaryCenterforEconomicScience,GeorgeMasonUniversity,Fairfax,VA22030-4444,USA.Whenweleaveourcloset,andengageinthecommonaffairsoflife,(rea-son’s)conclusionsseemtovanish,likethe
2、phantomsofthenightontheap-pearanceofthemorning;and‘tisdifficultforustoretaineventhatconvic-tion,whichwehadattainedwithdifficulty…(Hume,1739/,p507).…wemustconstantlyadjustourlives,ourthoughtsandouremotions,inordertolivesimultaneouslywithindifferentkindsofordersaccordingtodif-ferentr
3、ules.Ifweweretoapplytheunmodified,uncurbedrules(ofcaringinterventiontodovisible‘good’)ofthe…smallbandortroop,or…ourfami-lies…tothe(extendedorderofcooperationthroughmarkets),asourin-stinctsandsentimentalyearningsoftenmakeuswishtodo,wewoulddestroyit.Yetifweweretoalwaysapplythe(nonco
4、operative)rulesoftheextendedordertoourmoreintimategroupings,wewouldcrushthem.(Hayek,1988,p18).(Italicsarehis,parentheticalreductionsaremine).Wehavebecomeaccustomedtotheideathatanaturalsystemlikethehu-manbodyoranecosystemregulatesitself.Toexplaintheregulation,welookforfeedbackloop
5、sratherthanacentralplanninganddirectingbody.Butsomehowourintuitionsaboutself-regulationdonotcarryover`totheartifi-1ThetitlewassuggestedtomeinthepaperbyJoelNorman,“TwoVisualSystemsandTwoTheoriesofPerception:AnAttempttoReconciletheConstructivistandEcologicalApproaches,”Behavioraland
6、BrainSciences,2002.AfterfinishingthispaperIfoundthatmyuseofthetermbelowhadbeenusedbyGigerenzer,etal.(1999),forapplicationto“fastandfrugaldecisionmak-ing,”byindividuals:“Aheuristicisecologicallyrationaltothedegreethatitisadaptedtothestruc-tureofanenvironment.”(p.13).Hayek,inthecita
7、tionsbelowidentifiesbothkindsofrationality.2DoingexperimentaleconomicshaschangedthewayIthinkabouteconomics.Therearemanyreasonsforthis,butoneofthemostprominentisthatdesigningandconductingexperimentsforcesyoutothinkthroughtheprocessrulesandproceduresofaninstitution.Few,likeEinstein,
8、canperformdetailedandimaginativementalex
