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1、SYMPOSIUM:JOHNBROOMEONREASONSANDRATIONALITYVindicatingtheNormativityofRationality*NicholasSouthwoodSometimes,talkofrationalityissimplyshorthandfortherequire-mentsofpracticalandtheoreticalreason.Thus,wemightsaythatcarryingmalariatabletsintheCongoistherationa
2、lthingtodo,thatanyonewiththebenefitofexposuretomodernscienceisrationallyrequiredtobelievethathumansevolvedfromapes,thatoptingtovisitthedentistafterahiatusoftenyearsistheonlyrationaldecision,andsoon.Ineachcase,wemeantosaythatthesearethethingsthatwehavemostrea
3、sontodo,believe,andintend,whetherornotourdoingsosquareswellwithotherpsychologicalattitudeswehappentohave.Wewouldnotwithdrawthejudgmentsifwebecameawarethattheindividualstowhomtheyappliedhappenedtohaveotherpsychologicalattitudesthatfellfoulofthemsay,beliefsab
4、outtheappropriatenessoftravelingwithoutmedicinesinAfrica,orbeliefsthatentailedthathumansevolvedfromspottedquolls,orintentionsthatwouldbebetter1servedbygivingalldentistsawideberth.Butthewordrationalityisalsousedbyanumberofphilosophersinaquitedifferentway,top
5、ickoutaconceptthatistiedmuchmore*PreviousversionsofthisessaywerepresentedattheAustralasianAssociationofPhilosophyconferenceattheUniversityofNewEnglandinJuly2007andattheconferenceReasons,ReasoningandRationality:ThemesfromtheWorkofJohnBroome,attheAustralianNa
6、tionalUniversityinAugust2007.Iamgratefultoaudiencesonthoseoc-casionsandtomanyotherfriendsandcolleaguesfortheirvaluableinput.Iwouldpar-ticularlyliketothankJohnBroomeandDanielFriedrichforinsightfulcommentsonapreviousversionoftheessayand,moregenerally,formanyf
7、ascinatingdiscussionsabouttheissueswithwhichtheessayengages.ResearchforthearticlewascarriedoutunderARCDiscoveryGrantDP0663060.1.ThisiswhatNikoKolodnycallsobjectiverationality(WhyBeRational?Mind114[2005]:50963,510).Ethics119(October2008):9302008byTheUnivers
8、ityofChicago.Allrightsreserved.0014-1704/2008/11901-0003$10.00910EthicsOctober20082closelytotheparticularpsychologicalattitudesthatwehappentohave.SupposethatRupertbelievesthatJohnwilldomorethanKevintop
