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1、RFoundationsandTrendsinInformationRetrievalVol.2,Nos.1–2(2008)1–135c2008B.PangandL.LeeDOI:10.1561/1500000001OpinionMiningandSentimentAnalysisBoPang1andLillianLee21Yahoo!Research,701FirstAvenue,Sunnyvale,CA94089,USA,bopang@yahoo-inc.com2ComputerScienceDepartment,CornellUniversit
2、y,Ithaca,NY14853,USA,llee@cs.cornell.eduAbstractAnimportantpartofourinformation-gatheringbehaviorhasalwaysbeentofindoutwhatotherpeoplethink.Withthegrowingavailabilityandpopularityofopinion-richresourcessuchasonlinereviewsitesandpersonalblogs,newopportunitiesandchallengesariseaspeo
3、plenowcan,anddo,activelyuseinformationtechnologiestoseekoutandunderstandtheopinionsofothers.Thesuddeneruptionofactivityintheareaofopinionminingandsentimentanalysis,whichdealswiththecomputationaltreatmentofopinion,sentiment,andsubjectivityintext,hasthusoccurredatleastinpartasadire
4、ctresponsetothesurgeofinterestinnewsystemsthatdealdirectlywithopinionsasafirst-classobject.Thissurveycoverstechniquesandapproachesthatpromisetodirectlyenableopinion-orientedinformation-seekingsystems.Ourfocusisonmethodsthatseektoaddressthenewchallengesraisedbysentiment-awareapplic
5、ations,ascomparedtothosethatarealreadypresentinmoretraditionalfact-basedanalysis.Weincludematerialonsummarizationofevaluativetextandonbroaderissuesregardingprivacy,manipulation,andeconomicimpactthatthedevelopmentofopinion-orientedinformation-accessservicesgivesriseto.Tofacilitate
6、futurework,adiscussionofavailableresources,benchmarkdatasets,andevaluationcampaignsisalsoprovided.1IntroductionRomanceshouldneverbeginwithsentiment.Itshouldbeginwithscienceandendwithasettlement.—OscarWilde,AnIdealHusband1.1TheDemandforInformationonOpinionsandSentiment“Whatotherpe
7、oplethink”hasalwaysbeenanimportantpieceofinfor-mationformostofusduringthedecision-makingprocess.LongbeforeawarenessoftheWorldWideWebbecamewidespread,manyofusaskedourfriendstorecommendanautomechanicortoexplainwhotheywereplanningtovoteforinlocalelections,requestedreferencelettersre
8、gardingjobapplicantsfromcolleagues,orcon
