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1、NathanielHawthorne(1804—1864)LifeWorks&stylesInfluencesonHawthorneLifeHawthornewasborninSalemMassachusetts.SomeofhisancestorsweremenofprominenceinthePuritantheocracyofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.Oneofthemwasacolonialmagistrate,notoriousforhispartin
2、thepersecutionoftheQuakers,andanotherwasajudgeattheSalemWitchcraftTrialin1692.WhenNathanielwasfour,hisfatherdiedonavoyageinSurinam(苏里南非洲国家),butmaternalrelativesrecognizedhisliterarytalentandfinancedhiseducationatBowdoinCollege.Amonghisclassmateswerem
3、anyoftheimportantliteraryandpoliticalfiguresoftheday:writerHoratioBridge,futureSenatorJonathanCiley,H.W.Longfellow,andfuturePresidentFranklinPierce.]EarlycareerIn1836:HawthorneservedastheeditoroftheAmericanMagazineofUsefulandEntertainingKnowledgeIn18
4、39:HewasofferedanappointmentasweighterandgaugerattheBostonCustomHouseatasalaryof$1,500ayear.(Ashelookedbackonthisperiodofhislife,hewrote:"Ihavenotlived,butonlydreamedaboutliving".Hecontributedshortstories,including"YoungGoodmanBrown"and"TheMinister's
5、BlackVeil",tovariousmagazinesandannuals,thoughnonedrewmajorattentiontotheauthor.HoratioBridgeofferedtocovertheriskofcollectingthesestoriesinthespringof1837intoonevolume,Twice-ToldTales,whichmadeHawthorneknownlocally.)WhileatBowdoin,Hawthornebethisfri
6、endJonathanCilleyabottleofMadeirawinethatCilleywouldgetmarried beforehedid.By1836hehadwonthewager,butdidnotremainabachelorforlife.AfterpublicflirtationswithlocalwomenMaryandElizabeth,hebeganpursuingthelatter'ssister,illustratorandtranscendentalistSop
7、hiaPeabody.MarriageandfamilySeekingapossiblehomeforhimselfandSophia,hejoinedthetranscendentalistUtopiancommunityatBrookFarmin1841notbecauseheagreedwiththeexperimentbutbecauseithelpedhimsavemoneytomarrySophia.HawthornemarriedSophiaPeabodyonJuly9,1842,
8、ataceremonyinthePeabodyparloronWestStreetinBoston.NathanielandSophiaHawthornehadthreechildren.Theirfirst,adaughter,wasbornMarch3,1844.Hawthornewrotetoafriend,"Ifinditaverysoberandseriouskindofhappinessthatspringsfromthebirthofachild...Thereisnoescapi
