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1、EconomicGeology-4350ABriefGuidetotheGeologyOfOreDepositsByRonMorton1ContentsIntroduction3-4HistoryofEconomicGeology5-10MineralExplorationandtheMakingofaMine11-15SomeTermstoKnow16-17OreFormingProcessesandFluids18-25ClassificationofOreDeposits26-28PorphyryCopperDeposits29-34PorphyryMolybdenumDeposits
2、34-35PorphyryGoldDeposits35-37EpithermalGold/SilverDeposits38-44VolcanogenicMassiveSulfides45-56Orogenic(Mesozonal)GoldDeposits57-63MississippiValleyLeadZincDeposits64-68SedimentaryExhalativeLeadZincDeposits69-72Ironoxidecopper-Gold73-77BandedIronFormationsandIronOreDeposits78-832IntroductionScienc
3、ehas,for100’sofyears,hadtwomainfunctions:Toenableustodothings.Toenableustoknowthings.Thisnicelysumsupwhatearthscientistscallthefieldofeconomicgeology.Toknow:How,why,andwheremineralsareconcentratedinspecificrocks,faciesofthoserocks,structures,andtectonicsettingswithintheearth’scrust.Toknowhowtosearc
4、hforandfindtheseconcentrationsTodo:Extracttheconcentrationsinasafe,environmentalwayforsocietiesbenefitandforthemaintenanceandexpansionofourcivilization.stIt’softenbeensaidthatthemostbasicofhumanactivitiesisagriculture.But,inthe21century,itwouldbeimpossibletofeedtheworld’sbillionsofpeople,toimprovel
5、ivingrdstandardsin3worldcountriesanddosowithenvironmentalsafeguards,aswellashavecontinuedexpansionandadvanceofthetechnology,agriculture,etc.ofindustrialnationswithoutminingandtheuseofmineralsandmetals.Thesearenecessaryforsuchbasicneedsasplowing,fertilization,harvesting,transportation,preservationof
6、foodaswellascars,trains,planes,skyscrapers,microwaveovens,DVD’s,blackberriesandiPods,deliveryofhotpizza,andsoon.Asoneexampleittakes38elementsandminerals-copper,zinc,lead,mercury,tin,gold,tellurium,silverandsoon-tomakeacomputergobeep.Aconcentrationofminerals,whatgeologistscallanoredeposit,isconsider
7、edeconomicifitcanbeminedandsoldataprofit.Thisisaneconomic,abusinessdefinitionandnotageologicalone.Thisdefinitionsaysnothingaboutgeologicalprocessesofconcentrationandformation.Underthisdefinitionoreisdefined
