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1、DevelopingaRevivalStrategyfortheKenyanCotton-TextileIndustry:AValueChainApproachByMosesM.IkiaraandLydiaK.Ndirangu∗1.IntroductionSinceindependence,Kenya’scotton-textile-apparelindustryhasgonethroughmajorphases.Atindependenceprivateginnersdominatedtheindustry.Overthef
2、ollowingtenyearstheGovernmenthelpedcooperativesocietiestobuytheprivateginneriesfromthecolonialistsandinstitutedaregimeofcontrolledmarginsandfixedfarm-gatecottonprices.Inaddition,itinvestedinanumberoftextilemills,whichsuppliedthelargelyprivateapparel(orgarment)manufa
3、cturers.BythetimetheGovernmentbeguntore-liberalizetheindustryin1991itwasintatters;cottonproductionhadalmostgroundtoahalt,manyginnerieshadeithercollapsedorhadexcesscapacity,andmanytextilefirmshadcollapsed.Thegovernmentandtheprivatesectorhaveshownsubstantialinterestin
4、therevivaloftheindustryinthelast2-3years.Partofthemotivationhasbeentherealizationthatthecotton-textileindustryoffersuniqueopportunitiesforincreasedemployment,povertyreduction,ruraldevelopmentandgenerationofincreasedincomesinaridandsemi-aridlands(ASAL).Thecropis,addi
5、tionally,grownbysmall-scalefarmers.AnothersourceofmotivationaretheenormousmarketprospectspresentedbytheAfricanGrowthandOpportunityAct(AGOA)passedbytheUSACongressin1999,theAfricanCarribeanPacific-EuropeanUnion(ACP-EU)CotonouAgreementratifiedin2000,andtheexpectedfreer
6、textilestradewithremovalofquotarestrictionsinyear2005undertheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)framework.Intunewiththeaforesaidinterest,thispaperlooksatthestructureandcurrentstatusofKenya’scotton-textileindustry,itsoperatingenvironment(includingtheconstraintsfacingit),ther
7、oleofvariousstakeholders,andtradeopportunities.Inaddition,itpondersonhowtheindustrycouldberevivedanditsdevelopmentmadesustainable.Thepaperapplieselementsofthebusinesssystemsvaluechainanalysis(VCA)andGlobalCommodityChain(GCC)approaches.1.MediumandLargeTextileandAppar
8、elManufacturingIngeneral,textileandapparelmanufacturingfirmsinthecountrydonotsubcontractanyoftheiractivities.Onlyabout24%do,withtheactivit
