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1、Part1reviewofTKTterminologies1partofspeech:Apartofspeechorwordclassdescribesthefunctionawordorphrasehasinasentence.Thiscontrolshowthewordorphrasecanoperateandcombinegrammaticallywithotherwords.2contraction:twowordsthatarepronouncedorwrittenasone,e.g.don'tfromdonot,isn'tfromisnot,wo
2、n'tfromwillnot.3lexicalset:groupofwordsthatbelongtothesametopicarea,e.g.membersofthefamily,furniture,typesoffood.4phonemicscript:isasetofphonemicsymbolswhichshow(inwriting)howwordsarepronounced,e.g.beautifuliswritten/.../(音标).5minimalpair:wordsdistinguishedbyonlyonephoneme,e.g.ship
3、andsheep,hutandhat,thingandthink,chipandship.6function:isareasonwhywecommunicate.Functionsareawayofdescribinglanguageuse.[apologizing,greeting,clarifying,inviting,advising,agreeing,disagreeing,refusing,thanking,interrupting,expressingobligation,expressingpreferences]7context:thewo
4、rdsthatcomejustbeforeandafteraword,phraseorstatementandhelpyoutounderstanditsmeaning.(上下文;语境)8receptiveskill:itmeansitinvolvesrespondingtotext,ratherthanproducingit.e.g.reading9coherence:therelationshipofmeaning[thesituationinwhichallthepartofsthfittogetherwell]10cohesion:grammatic
5、alrelation/grammaticallinksbetweensentences.[theactorstateofkeepingtogether](牛津高阶)[isastateorsituationinwhichallthepartsorideasfittogetherwellsothattheyformaunitedwhole.](Collins)11scanning:readingforspecificinformation.(Wedon"readthewholetext.Wehurryovermostofituntilwefindtheinfor
6、mationweareinterestedin,e.g.whenwelookforanumberinatelephonedirectory.)12gist:themainideaorgeneralmeaningofapieceofwriting,aspeechoraconverstion.(要点;主旨;大意)(牛津高阶)13skimming:readingforgist.i.e.readingquicklythroughatexttogetageneralideaofwhatitisabout.14productiveskills:writingandspe
7、akingare〜.Thatmeanstheyinvolveproducinglanguageratherthanreceivingit.15brainstorming:thinkingofeverythingwecanaboutthetopic16proof-reading:checkingformistakesinaccuracyWhenwearewriting:brainstorming->makingnotes->planning(organizingourideas)->writingadraft・>editing(correctingandimp
8、rovingthetext)->producinga