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1、仅做参考好好学习，天天向上Unit2FactorsThatAffectCareerChoices影响职业选择的因素Thefirststepinplanningacareerforyourselforsomeoneelseistolearnasmuchaspossibleabouttheperson’sinterests,aptitudes,andskills.为自己或别人制定职业规划的第一步是要尽可能多的认识对象的兴趣、能力和技能之所在。Eachperson’scareergoesthroughstages,andthestageyouareinwillinfluenceyourk
2、nowledgeofandpreferenceforvariousoccupations.Themainstagesofthiscareercyclefollows.每个人的职业所经历的阶段,并且这些阶段将影响你的知识,和对各种职业的偏爱。职业的主要循环阶段如下。GrowthStageThegrowthstagelastsroughlyfrombirthtoage14andisaperiodduringwhichthepersondevelopsaself-conceptbyidentifyingwithandinteractingwithotherpeoplesuchasfami
3、ly,friendsandteachers.Towardthebeginningofthisperiod,roleplayingisimportant,andchildrenexperimentwithdifferentwaysofacting;thishelpsthemtoformimpressionsofhowotherpeoplereacttodifferentbehaviorsandcontributestotheirdevelopingauniqueself-conceptoridentity.Towardtheendofthisstage,theadolescent(w
4、hobythistimehasdevelopedpreliminaryideasaboutwhathisorherinterestsandabilitiesare)beginstothinkrealisticallyaboutalternativeoccupations.成长阶段成长阶段大约是从出生持续到14岁,在这个阶段的人通过与别人认识和相互影响来增强自我了解,例如家庭、朋友和老师。在这一时期的开始阶段,角色扮演很重要,孩子们尝试不同方式行为,这帮助他们形成其它人怎样应对不同的行为的印象，并为发展出他们各自的自我了解或身份作出贡献。在这一阶段的末尾,青少年(这时已发展出关于他或
5、她的兴趣和能力的早期的看法)开始考虑可能的职业。ExplorationStageTheexplorationstageistheperiod(roughlyfromages15to24)duringwhichapersonseriouslyexploresvariousoccupationalalternatives.Thepersonattemptstomatchthesealternativeswithwhatheorshehaslearnedaboutthemandabouthisorherowninterestsandabilitiesfromschool,leisurea
6、ctivities,andwork.Tentativebroadoccupationalchoicesareusuallymadeduringthebeginningofthisperiod.Thentowardtheendofthisperiod,aseeminglyappropriatechoiceismadeandthepersontriesoutforabeginningjob.Probablythemostimportanttaskthepersonhasinthisandtheprecedingstageisthatofdevelopingarealisticunder
7、standingofhisorherabilitiesandtalents.Similarly,thepersonmustmakesoundeducationaldecisionsbasedonreliablesourcesofinformationaboutoccupationalalternative.探索阶段探索阶段的时期(大约从15岁到24岁),人们在这个阶段认真地研究各种可能的职位。人们试图将这些可能与他或她已经从学校、休闲活动,和工作中学会地，和他或她自己
