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1、1.举例法举例法是通过提供实例来扩展段落的一种方法。这是一种常用的而且易于为初学者掌握的段落展开法。它用具体的事例来阐述主题句中的支配思想，展开支配思想中所概括的尚未展开的内涵，用实例来支持主题句中的观点，从而使其得到较为充分和完整的表达。UsefulWordsforexampleforinstancesuchastakethecaseofTakeXasatypicalexampleSomepointstobekeptinmindinselectinganexample:Whenyouselectanexample,youshouldseetoittha
2、titispreciseconcreterelativetothemainideaReadthefollowingparagraphsanddecidewhethertheexamplesinthemareproper.Sample1Wherevertherearegreatforests,modernmethodsofinsectcontrolthreatenthefishesinhabitingthestreamsintheshelterofthetrees.Oneofthebest-knownexamplesoffishdestructionint
3、heUnitedStatestookplacein1955,asaresultofsprayinginandnearYellowstoneNationalPark.Bythefallofthatyear,somanydeadfishhadbeenfoundintheYellowstoneRiverthatsportsmenandMontanafish-and-gameadministratorsbecamealarmed.About90milesoftheriverwereaffected.Inone300-yardlengthofshoreline,6
4、00deadfishwerecounted.Streaminsects,thenaturalfoodoftrout,haddisappeared.Sample2Misunderstandings—oftenamusingbutsometimesserious—canarisebetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturesiftheymisinterpretnonverbalsignals.Take,forexample,thedifferencesinmeaningofagestureverycommonintheUnitedSta
5、tes:acirclemadewiththethumbandindexfinger.ToanAmerican,itmeansthateverythingisOK.ToaJapanese,itmeansthatyouaretalkingaboutmoney.InFrance,itmeansthatsomethingisworthless,andinGreece,itisanobscenegesture.Therefore,anAmericancouldunknowinglyoffendaGreekbyusingthatparticularhandsigna
6、l.Usefulexpressionstointroduceexamplesforexample/forinstance…isoftencited/quoted/takenasanexample.Agoodcaseinpointis….Thisoffersatypical/concrete/dramatic/strikingexample….Toillustratethis,wemaytake…asanexample.History/Oursocietyisfilledwiththeexamples……shows/exemplifies/illustra
7、testhis.Thisisshown/exemplified/illustratedbythestoryof…Asfaras…beconcerned,thehistoryof…showmanyinstances(inwhich)……canserveasanexample.Exercise1找出主题句、支配思想和扩展段落的句子Topicsentence：_________________Thecontrollingidea：_____________Example1：_____________________Example2：______________
8、_______Example3：_____________________Exa
