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1、BellLabsBellLabsU.S.headquartersatNewProvidence,NewJerseyBellLaboratoriesistheonewhostudiedphysicsattheuniversityofthepeopleshouldhaveheardthename.Forscientistsaroundtheworld,thenameisknowntoeverybody.ThelaboratoryoftheU.S.timeofthe80yearssinceitsinceptionin1925,mademanyimportantinventionsanddis
2、coveries,changingthephysics,butalsochangedtheworld.January1th,1925,thethenpresidentofAT&T,WalterGifford,acquisitionoftheresearchdepartmentoftheWesternelectronicscompanies,theestablishmentofanindependententitycalledthe“BellTelephoneLaboratories,Inc.”,laterrenamedtheBellLabs.Asthemostoutstandingan
3、dwell-knownlaboratoryareamongtheworldscientificcommunityintheentire20thcentury,nowwetalkaboutitsachievement.In1933,KarlJanskybyelectrostaticnoiseinthelong-distancecommunicationoftheresearchfoundthatthegalacticcenterinthecontinuousemissionofradiowaves,theradiowavesiscalledthe3Kbackgroundradiation
4、.Throughthisresearchandradioastronomy.In1947,BellLabsinventedthetransistor.Oneoftheinventorofthetransistor.BrattonTheShannon(ClaudeShannon)1948published<>andlaidthefoundationformoderncommunicationtheory.In1958,BellLabsinventedthelaser.In1969,BellLabsisthebi
5、rthplaceoftheUNIXoperatingsystemandClanguageBellLabsNobelPrize-winningscientistNo.NameAwardsandaward-winningreasonsAward-winningworkCompletetheworknationalitytimeagetimeage1C.J.DavissonThediscoveryoftheelectrondiffractionVerifythetheoryofmatterwaves1937USA2J.BardeenInventionofthetransistor195650
6、194741USA3W.H.Brittain441947454W.B.Shockley461947375P.W.AndersonStudythemagneticanddisordered Theelectronicstructureofthematerial197754195532USA6A.A.PenziasFoundthecosmicmicrowave BackgroundThebackgroundradiation1978451963327R.Wilson42196327USA8S.Chu(朱棣文)Foundthecosmicmicrowave BackgroundTheback
7、groundradiation199749198537ChineseAmerican9H.StormerFoundamixedfractionchargeOfthenewquantum199839198233USA10D.C.Tsui(崔琦)49198243ChineseAmerican11R.C.Laughlin48198232USABellLabsNobelPrize-winningscientistBellLabs,thetypeofwo
