眼科学基础 (双语)

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1、第一章眼科学基础ChapteroneBasicophthalmology6/13/20211第一节眼的组织解剖Anatomyofeyeball6/13/20212眼球：眼球壁、眼球内容物6/13/20213一．眼球Theglobe(eyeball)正常眼球的前后径出生时约16mm.3岁时达23mm.成年时24mm.anteriorandposteriordistanceofnormaleyeballis16mminborn.Atage323mm,atadult24mm6/13/20214（一）眼球壁Eyecoat1.外层Theoutercoat1/6角膜Cornea5/6巩

2、膜Sclera6/13/20215（1）角膜Cornea横径Thetransversediameter11.5-12mm垂直径Theverticaldiameter10.5-11mm6/13/20216前表面曲率半径Theradiusofconvexcurvatureinfront7.8mm后表面曲率半径Theradiusofconvexcurvatureinback6.8mm角膜厚度中央部Thecentralthickness0.5-0.55mm角膜厚度周边部Theperipherythickness1mm6/13/20217组织学分层①上皮细胞层Epithelium②前

3、弹力层Bowman’smembrane③基质层Stroma④后弹力层Descemet’smembrane⑤内皮细胞层Endothelium6/13/202186/13/202196/13/202110(2)巩膜Sclera组织学分层①表层巩膜Theepisclera②巩膜实质层Thescleralstroma③棕黑板层Thelaminafascia6/13/202111角巩膜缘Limbus角膜前弹力层止端与后弹力层止端的平面，宽1.5-2.0mm角膜和巩膜的移行区前房角、房水引流系统所在地许多内眼手术切口的标志6/13/2021126/13/202113前房角Anterio

4、rchamberangle周边角膜与虹膜根部的连接处前房角内结构：Schwalbe线小梁网和Schlemm管巩膜突睫状带虹膜根部6/13/2021146/13/2021152．中层Themiddlecoat葡萄膜Uvea色素膜Tunicapigmentosa6/13/202116（1）虹膜Iris分层：①基质层Stroma②色素上皮层Pigmentepitheliallayer瞳孔Pupil:直径2.5-4mm6/13/2021176/13/2021186/13/202119(2)睫状体Ciliarybody睫状冠Parsplicata:前1/3睫状突Cliaryproce

5、sses:睫状体扁平部Parsplana:后2/3锯齿缘Oraserrata:6/13/202120(3)脉络膜Choroid组成大血管层Largevascularlayer中血管层Middlevascularlayer毛细血管层Capillarylayer6/13/2021213．内层Innerlayer视网膜Retina6/13/202122中心凹Fovea黄斑Maculalutea中心小凹Foveola——黄斑中心凹Foveacentralis视盘Opticdisc——视乳头Opticpapilla视杯、杯凹Opticcup6/13/2021236/13/202124

6、6/13/202125视网膜分层外层视网膜色素上皮层Retinalpigmentepithelium,RPE6/13/202126内层视网膜神经感觉层①视锥、视杆细胞层（光感受器细胞层）Coneandrodlayer②外界膜ExternallimitingmembraneOLM③外核层OuternuclearlayerONL④外丛状层OuterplaxiformOPL⑤内核层InnernuclearlayerINL⑥内丛状层InnerplexiformlayerIPL⑦神经节细胞层GanglioncelllayerGCL⑧神经纤维层NervefiberlayerNFL⑨内界

7、膜LimitingmembraneILM6/13/2021276/13/202128（二）  眼球内容Contentsoftheeye房水晶状体玻璃体6/13/2021296/13/2021301.房水Aqueoushumor透明液体总量占眼容积4%前房0.2ml后房0.06ml6/13/202131前房Anteriorchamber角膜后面、虹膜、瞳孔区、晶状体前面中央深度：2.5-3mm后房Posteriorchamber虹膜后面、睫状体内侧、晶状体悬韧带前面、晶状体前侧面6/13/2021322.晶状体Len