三位以身试药的英雄

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1、ByNancySteinbachandGeorgeGrow08April,2013Photo:nih.govCancerresearcherAnitaRobertsSHIRLEYGRIFFITH:ThisisSCIENCEINTHENEWS,inVOASpecialEnglish.I'mShirleyGriffith.CHRISTOPHERCRUISE:AndI'mChristopherCruise.Today,wetellthestoriesofsomemedicalheroes.(MUSIC)SHIRLEYGRIFFITH:Atthestartofthetwentiethcentury,t

2、heUnitedStatesArmyhadaYellowFeverCommission.TheArmywantedmedicalexpertstostudyyellowfeverandfindawaytostopthedisease.OneteamwenttoCubatotesttheideathatmosquitoesspreadyellowfever.TheteamwasledbyWalterReed,theArmydoctorandscientistnotedforhisworkoninfectiousdiseases.InAugustofnineteenhundred,theresea

3、rchersbegantoraisemosquitoesandinfectthemwiththevirus.NineoftheAmericanslettheinfectedinsectsbitethem.Nothinghappened.Thentwomoreletthemosquitoesbitethem.Bothmendevelopedyellowfever.CHRISTOPHERCRUISE:AdoctornamedJesseWilliamLazearrecognizedthatthemosquitoesthatbitthelasttwomenhadbeenolderthantheothe

4、rs.DoctorLazearprovedthatmosquitoesdidcarryyellowfever.army.milResearcherJesseLazearDoctorLazearhimselfwasalsobitten.Nooneissurehowithappened.Hesaidithappenedaccidentallyashetreatedothers.Butsomepeoplesaidheplacedthemosquitoonhisarmaspartoftheexperiment.Medicalhistorianssayhemayhavereportedthebiteas

5、anaccidentsohisfamilywouldnotbedeniedmoneyfromhislifeinsurancepolicy.SHIRLEYGRIFFITH:JesseLazeardiedofyellowfever.HisdeathshockedtheothersontheteaminCuba.Buttheycontinuedtheirwork.Morepeopleletthemselvesbebittenbymosquitoes.Otherswereinjectedwithbloodfromthevictimsofyellowfever.Somepeopleinthistestg

6、roupdevelopedthedisease,butallrecoveredtofullhealth.MembersoftheteampraisedtheworkbyJesseLazear.Theycalleditasacrificetoresearchthatledthewaytooneofthegreatestmedicaldiscoveriesofthecentury.CHRISTOPHERCRUISE:Theresearchansweredthequestionofhowyellowfeverwasspread.Nowthequestionwashowtoprotectpeople.

7、Theresearchershadatheory.Theythoughtthatpeoplewhowerebittenbyinfectedmosquitoes,butrecovered,wereprotectedinthefuture.Totestthisidea,theteaminCubaofferedonehundreddollarstoanyonewhowouldagreetobebitte