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1、《英美概况》名词解释1.backboneofEngland:ItreferstothePenninesinEngland.ThePenninesextendfromnorthtosouth,fromuplandtoDerbyshire.2.theactof1801:Intheyearof1801,theparliamentpassedtheacttoagreethatIrelandjoinedthekingdom.Fromthenon,Britaingotthename:theUnitedKingdomo
2、fGreatBritainandIreland,andBritainincludesEngland,Wales,ScotlandandIreland.3.theBankofEngland:ItisthecenteroftheBritishfinancialsystem.Itwasfoundedin1694andnationalizedin1946.4.InvisibleTrade:Itreferstoakindofunseenandunobvioustrade.Itincludestheprofits,d
3、ividendandcapitalinvestment.5.Blackcountry:ItreferstotheindustrialareainthewestmidlandandBirminghamisthecenter.Theareaisveryrichbutisheavilypolluted.6.Hadrian’sWall:In122AD,theRomansbuiltawallinordertodefendPictsandScots.Thewallisverylong,fromSolwaytoTyne
4、;wecallitHadrian’sWall.7.JuliusCaesar：ThekingofRome.In55-54BC,heledhisarmyinvadedBritaintwice.8.KingAlfred:HeisthekingofWessexinBritain.Inthe8thcentury,heledtheBritishpeopledefeatedtheDanesandVikings,andhewasconsideredthefirstnationalhero.HewroteAnglo-Sax
5、onChronicle.(盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史)9.WilliamtheConqueror:OnetheChristmasDayof1066,FrenchmanWilliamdefeatedtheBritishKingHaroldatHastings.InWestminsterAbbey,hewascrownedtheKingofBritain,sotheNormanConquestbegan.HeestablishedastrongmonarchyinEngland,andunifiedthecount
6、ry.In1086,heandhisofficialsmadeabookaboutthesurveyofBritain,whichiscalledDoomsdayBook.10.BattleofHastings:OnetheChristmasDayof1066,atHastings,FrenchmanWilliamdefeatedtheBritishKingHarold,andHaroldwaskilled.ThebattlewascalledBattleofHastings.ThebattleofHas
7、tingspavedawayfortheNormanConquest.11.HenryII:Intheyearof1154,HenryIIbuiltthePlantagenetandwhenhewasaking,hemadethemonarchystrongerthanbefore.Hemadeasetofreformationandintheyearof1181,heissuedtheAssizeofArms.Hediedin1189.12.theAssizeofArms:Intheyearof1181
8、,HenryIIissuedtheAssizeofArms.Accordingtothelaw,everyfreemaninEnglandshouldbeprovidedwitharms,andtheycanonlyusethearmswhentheyarecalledtofightfortheKing.13.theGreatCharter:ItisalsocalledMagnaCarter.Intheyearof1215,K
