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时间:2020-09-14
《英美概况名词解释(美).pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯名词解释1.MarshallPlan(马歇尔计划,又称欧洲复兴计划;Chapter9):AnAmericanpolicypresentedbyGeorgeMarshallin1947,proposingmassiveandsystematicaidtoWesternEuropeinordertokeepCommunistsoutofpoliticalpowerinEuropeandestablishtheinternationaleconomicorder.2.Monro
2、eDoctrine(门罗主义;Chapter6):AforeignpolicyannouncedbyJamesMonroein1823,opposingEuropeancolonialismintheAmericasandtakinganeutralattitudetowardsaffairsofcoloniesstillownedbyEuropeannationsintheNewWorld.3.ElectoralCollege(选举人团;Chapter12):AmechanismintheUnitedStatesfortheindirectelectionofth
3、ePresidentandVicePresident.CitizensoftheUnitedStatesvoteineachstateandtheDistrictofColumbiaatageneralelectiontochooseaslateof"electors"pledgedtovoteforaparticularparty'scandidate.△各州选民先选出本州总统选举人,其数目与该州在国会中的议员数相等。全国50个州加哥伦比亚特区共选出538名总统选举人。各州选举人组成选举人团,分别在各州府1⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐
4、⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯选举正、副总统)4.MissouriCompromise(密苏里妥协案;Chapter6):Asolutionpassedbythe16thUSCongressin1820,whichbalancedthenumberof"slavestates"and"freestatesandalso”madetheruleofhowtodefineastateasaslavestateorafreeone.5.Winner–take–allprinciple(胜者全得原则;Chapter12):AprincipleappliedinAme
5、ricanpresidentialelection,whichmeansthatthecandidatewithmostvotesinastatewinsallofthatstate’selectoralvotes.6.Meltingpot(大熔炉,相对于Saladbowl;Chapter2)Ametaphorforaheterogeneoussociety,whichiscommonlyusedtosignifythemixtureandassimilation融合ofdifferentracesthathaveimmigratedintotheUS.7.Decl
6、arationofIndependence(独立宣言;Chapter4)AstatementadoptedbytheSecondContinentalCongressin1776,whichannouncedthatthethirteenAmericancoloniesregardedthemselvesasthirteennewlyindependentsovereign2⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯states,andnolongerunderBritishrule.Insteadtheyfor
7、medanewnation—theUnitedStatesofAmerica.Itwasaneloquentdefenceofhumanfreedom.8.RoaringTwenties(咆哮的20年代;Chapter7):TheRoaringTwentiesaistermforWesternsocietyandWesterncultureduringthe1920s.ItwasaperiodofsustainedeconomicprosperitywithadistinctiveculturaledgeintheUnitedStates,particularl
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