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1、ContemporaryCrises6(1982)161-182161ElsevierScientificPublishingCompany,Amsterdam-PrintedinTheNetherlandsACRITIQUEOFSTRUCTURALISTSTATETHEORIZINGJAMESPETRASandSTEPHENGUNDLEInrecentyearstherehasbeenaremarkableupsurgeofinterestinthestateasanobjectofsocialinquiryandanalysis.Itwouldcertainlyb
2、enoexaggerationtoassertthatinthepastdecadeandahalfthestatehasbeenelevatedfromapositionofsecondaryimportancetooneattheforefrontofpoliticalandsociologicaldiscussion.Onthewhole,thisupsurgeofin-terestistobewelcomed.Currentdiscussionsreflectareactionagainstboththetendencytoreducethestatetoth
3、estatusofapoliticalafter-thought,amerereceptacleofeconomicpressures,andthetendencytobypassthestateinfavorofanalysisof"publicpolicy","publicadministra-tion","government",andthelike.Toalargedegree,thenewwaveofin-terestrepresentsapositivemoveawayfromsimplisticandmisleadingmodesofstudyingth
4、edistributionofpowerandshouldbeseenaspartofthegeneralrevivalofinterestinthe"superstructure"ofsocietywhichfollowedthetumultuouseventsinWesternsocietiesinthelate1960sandhasshar-penedasaresultofrecentdevelopmentsincertainofWesternEurope'sCommunistparties.Thecentralityofthestruggleforpower,
5、whichhasbeencharacteristicoftwentieth-centuryrevolutionarymovements,hasalsoperhapsbeenin-strumentalinincreasingtheattentionpaidtothestate.Inrecentdecadespopularforcesinseveralpartsofthe"thirdworld",includingCuba,VietnamandNicaragua,havesucceededindisplacingexistingrulingclassesandseiz-i
6、ngstatepower,whileinotherpartsthisstruggleisstillcontinuing.Theproblemofthenatureofthestateandthemannerinwhichitcanbetakenoverandeithertransformedordismantledisthereforeavitaltopicforanalysis.Furtherimpetustothestudyofthestateisfoundintheincor-porationofSocialistandCommunistpartieswithi
7、nthestateintheadvancedcapitalistsocieties.SocialDemocraticpartiesinAustria,WestGermany,andSwedenhavealmostbecome"natural"partiesofgovernmentintheirrespectivecapitalistcountries,whileCommunistsinFrance,Italy,Spain,andJapanparticipateintheadministrationofthestateatthelocallevelan
