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1、管理原理答案Four,thenounexplanationJungle:1.Themanagementtheorywithmodernscienceandtechnologywitheachpassingday,afterworldwariiproductionandorganizationscaleexpandsrapidly,theproductionisdevelopingrapidly,theincreasingdegreeofproductionsocialization,managementtheoryhasattractedwidespreadattenti
2、onandimportance・Manyscholarsandpracticalworkerscombinetheirexpertisewiththeirownexpertiseonthebasisofthetheoryyearsoftheirpredecessorstostudymodernmanagementissues・Becausetheresearchconditionofmasteryofthematerial,thedifferentobservationperspectiveandresearchmethod,etc,willproducedifferen
3、tviewsanddifferentwayofthinking,thusformingavarietyofschoolmanagement・TheAmericanmanager,kuntz,calledthevariousschoolsofyourtheory"thejungleofmanagementtheory.〃Managementgriddiagram:thehorizontalaxisindicatesthattheleaderCARESabouttheproduct!on,theverticalaxisindicatestheconcernoftheleade
4、rtotheperson.Eachshaftisdividedintoninelittle,thewholegridmap,atotalofeighty-onesquareseachteamproductionandthepeoplecareaboutformdifferentlevelofleadership・Matrixorganization:aformoforganizationdevelopedintheformofaworkinggroupdedicatedtoaparticulartask.Itscomprehensiveutilizationofthepr
5、oduct,thefunctionsofvariousstandardsofregionaldepartmentalization,isakindofcompositestructureformedbyverticalandhorizontaltwosetsofcrossorganization,hasalotofflexibilityandadaptability.4.Thecentralizationanddecentralization:centralized,itisallrightbyoneofthetopmanagementorasuperiordepartm
6、entstomasterandcontrol,thesubordinatedepartmentscanonlybebasedonthedecisionsandinstructions,allwanttolistentothehighercommand.Decentralizationistheprocessbywhichanorganizationprocessesthesystemtoitssubordinateorganizationsatvariouslevels,andisthebasicmeansofformingtherightrelationswithina
7、nyorganization・Thezero-basebudget:the"zerobase"budget・Dividesintotheorganization，splanbythetarget,thebusinessandtheresourcesneededtoconsistingofseveral"plan",andstartfromscratcheachpointscalculationthecostoftheplan,toavoidthebudgetcontrolonlypayattentiontothechanget
