Ch. 9 Personality & The

《Ch. 9 Personality & The 》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、Personality&TheSelfChapter9Takeasheetofpaper&andwritedownadescriptionofYou,asyouseeyourselfYourbestfriendYou,asyourbestfriendknowsyouPersonality-BiologicalApproachesPersonalityisanentity(Reification)Galen-4HumorsBloodPhlegmYellowBileBlackBileSheldon-SomatotypesEctomorph

2、MesomorphEndomorphSomatotypes=PersonalitiesEctomorph=CerebrotoniaMesomorph=SomatotoniaEndomorph=VisceratoniaCurrentBiologicalTheoriesCattell-16TraitsEysenck-Types“TheBigFive”7The“BigFive”PersonalityCharacteristicsISurgency(Extraversion)IIAgreeablenessIIIConscientiousness

3、IVEmotionalStability(vs.Neuroticism)Culture,intellect,openessBehavioralApproachtoPersonalityBehavior-Youarewhatyoudo.Lundin(1961)Personalityis:“thatorganizationofuniquebehavioralequipmentanindividualhasacquiredunderthespecialconditionsofhis(orher)development”Bodyistheloc

4、ationforyourbehavior(Baer)EnvironmentshapespersonalityBehaviorissituationspecificBehavioralSystemsApproachGenotype/environmentinteractions(temperament)Person/EnvironmentInteractionsPersonalityasaskillPersonalityasadynamicattractorTemperaments(Thomas,Chess,&Birch)·Activit

5、yLevel:·Rhythmicity:·ApproachorWithdrawal:·Adaptability:Isthechildabletoadjusteasilytochangesincaretakingpatterns?·IntensityofReaction:·ThresholdofResponsiveness:QualityofMood:·DistractibilityTemperaments(Bates)NegativeemotionalityDifficultinessAdaptabilitytonewsituation

6、sorpeopleActivityLevelSelf-regulation(smoothability)ReactivitySociability-positiveemotionalityHowStableisTemperamentLowagreementamongdifferentobservers(e.g.,mother,father,teacher).Weakcorrelationsbetweenearlymonthsmeasuresandlater.Aroundendofyear1,bettershort-termstabili

7、tyAftersecondyear,beterlong-termstabilityChildConstellationsEasyChildDifficultChildSlow-to-WarmChildWhichCategory?Implications“GoodnessofFit”NonlinearModelRoleofEnvironmentGenotype-EnvironmentInteractions(Heavilygenetic-constitutional–e.g.earlytemperament)Person-Environm

8、entInteractions(Heavilyenvironmentallyacquired)PersonalityConsistencyinenviornmentsmeanconsistencyinbeh