中国古代科技与思想

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1、MajortechnologicalachievementsandthoughtsinancientChinaHistoricaldevelopment尧舜禹，夏商周，春秋战国秦两汉，三国魏晋南北朝，隋唐宋元明清，中华民国，中华人民共和国。具体：三皇五帝夏朝（约前2146-约前1675）商朝（约前1675-约前1029）西周（约前1029-前771）东周(前770-前256)春秋(前770-前476)-战国(前475-前221)秦朝（前221-前207）西汉（前206-8）（新朝）（9-23）东汉（25-220）魏（220-265）-蜀（221-26

2、3）-吴（222-280）西晋（265-316）东晋（317-420）——五胡十六国（304-439）南北朝（386-556）隋（581-619）唐（618-907）五代十国（公元907-978）北宋(960-1127)辽(916-1125)西夏(1038-1227)南宋（1127-1279）金（1115-1234）元（1206-1368）明（1368-1644）清（1644-1911）中华民国（1911-1949）中华人民共和国（1949-至今）FirstEmporerofQinDynastyMajortrendsofthoughtsChinaha

3、sa5000-yearhistoryofthedevelopmentofcivilization.中国是一个疆域辽阔、人口众多的多民族统一国家。Chinaisaunitarymultinationalcountrywithavastterritoryandalargepopulation.Fourbooks---TheGreatLearning,TheDoctrineoftheMean,TheConfucianAnalects,andTheWorksofMenciusTheFiveClassics—TheBookofSongs,Collections

4、ofAncientTexts,TheRites,TheBookofChangesandTheSpringandAutumnAnnalsConfuciusAfollowerofpasttraditionV.SatrailblazerforfuturegenerationInthelateSpringandAutumnPeriodA.Benevolence仁Thebenevolentloveothers.仁者爱人modesty恭leniency宽faithfulness信resourcefulness敏kindness惠bravery勇wisdom智fi

5、fialpiety孝悌loyalty忠tolerance恕integrity直civility逊righteousness义studiousness好学B.Propriety礼theobsessionofhierachy专制制度2funcitionsTodifferentiatepeopleToemphasizethetiesofbloodIfProprietyreflectstheconservativenessoftheConfucianthought,benevolenceembodiesthecreactiveaspect.Confucius

6、combinedthetwo,makinghistheoryapoliticalandethicalone.Mencius(inthemiddleoftheWarringStatesPeriod)1.Benevolentgovernment仁政lovingthepeople&caringforthepeoplepeoplecomefirst,thestatecomessecond,andthekingthird.民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。2.Originalgoodnessofhumannature性本善everymanisgoodbynature,

7、andallmenhavenaturalsympathies.3.Self-cultivation内省Neitherrichesnorhonorscancorrupthim;Neitherpovertynorlowlypositioncanmakehimswervefromprinciple;Neitherthreatsnorforcecanbendhim.富贵不能淫贫贱不能移威武不能屈XunZi(inthelateWarringStatesPeriod)1.Lawandprinciplerite礼法思想2.Originalevilnessofhum

8、annature3.Codesofethicsislifeofthestate国之命在于礼4.KinglyW