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《Cold Chain Performance Issues Now And In The Future【外文翻译】》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、外文翻译原文ColdChainPerformanceIssuesNowAndInTheFutureMaterialSource:http://www.iifiir.org/en/doc/1077.pdfAuthor:R.DHEAPThecoldchainremainsoneofthemostimportantwaystopreserveperishablesanddeliverthemtomarketingoodcondition.Thevariousrequirementsforsuccessinthecoldchainarei
2、dentified,andexamplesofwhatcangowrongaregiven.Environmentalissuesareconsidered.Solutionsforthefuturerelatingtoproduce,equipment,stowageandhandling,andlogisticsareidentified.Themainrequirementsareforeducationandtrainingandforprovisionofgoodoperatingsystems.Thecoldchain
3、isgenerallyconsideredasthetransportandstoragechainbetweentheinitialproductionandthefinalconsumeroftemperature-controlledperishablegoods.Thisisnotacompletedefinition,asthereareotheritemscarriedundertemperaturecontrol,forexampleworksofart.Forthepurposesofthispaper,onlyt
4、hetransportandstorageofperishablefoodstuffsandpharmaceuticalswillbeconsidered.Airfreightisgenerallylimitedtogoodsatchilledorambienttemperatures.Seacontainersareuniversalintheirapplication.Refrigeratedshipscarrybulkcommoditiesintheirholds,thoughincreasinglytheseshipsal
5、socarrycontainers.Internationallandtransportbyroadand/orrailisabletocarryanything.Localdistributiongenerallyexcludesthemovementofbulkfrozengoods.Atthepresenttimethereareapproximately1300specialisedrefrigeratedcargoships,80,000refrigeratedrailcars,650,000refrigeratedco
6、ntainersand1.2millionrefrigeratedtrucksinuseworld-wide.Theycarryvastamountsoffoodstuffsandotherperishables,andmostlydosoverysuccessfully.Storageisanimportantpartoftheoverallcoldchain.Ithasbeenreportedbyonecompanythat,inthetransportofpharmaceuticalsduringthelastfiveyea
7、rs,criticalormajorproblemsarisinginstoragearemorethanfourtimesasfrequentasproblemsarisingintransport.Thisemphasizesthepointthatcoldchainsshouldalwaysbeconsideredasawholeifreliableresultsaretobeobtained.Allrefrigeratedproducedeteriorateswithtimeataratedependentonthetem
8、peratureofstorage.Formostfrozengoodsatnormalstoragetemperaturesof一180Corbelow,maximumtimesforhighqualitystorageareappreciabl
