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1、外文翻译原文原文FactorsinfluencingimplementationofadryportMaterialSource:InternationalJournalofPhysicalDistribution&LogisticsManagementAuthor:VioletaRosoTheviabilityofintermodaltransportonlongdistancesisarguedbymanyacademics,forexamplebyvanKlinkandvandenBerg(
2、1998)andMcCalla(1999).Thoseauthorselaboratethatseaportscangeneratescaleeconomiestooperatecosteffectiveintermodaltransportwithhighfrequencytodifferentdestinationsbeyondtheirtraditionalhinterland;,i.e.touserailtoenlargetheirhinterlandandatthesametimetos
3、timulateintermodaltransport.Rutten(1998)proposesmovementofgoodstransportsfromroadtointermodalrailoverdistanceslongerthan100kmwhenthequalityandserviceoftheintermodaltransportiscomparableorbetterthantheroad.Moreover,theintermodaltransportcostshouldbelow
4、erthanorequaltotheroadtransportcost(Rutten,1998,p.281).Distanceisnottheonlyprerequisiteforthesuccessofintermodaltransport,butalsothevolumeofgoodsandthefrequencyoftheserviceprovided(Woxenius,1998).Despitetheadvantagesstatedabovethereisrelativelylowshar
5、eofrailintransportofcontainersfromseaportstothehinterland;themodalsplitforthetransportbyrailforAustralianmajorportsisapproximately18percent(VFLC,2007)andinEuropeitislessthan10percent(EC,1998).Apartfromlackofsufficientrailinfrastructureorfreeslots,acco
6、rdingtoEngstro¨m(2007)therearemanyobstaclesthatpreventtransportbuyersfromusingtherailwayasamajormeanoftransportation;lackofflexibility(intimeandspace)anddamagedgoodsbeingthemostsignificant.Furthermore,theauthordiscusesthatshipperssometimesmakedecision
7、sonnotusingspecificmodeoftransport,railinthiscase,basedonsoftvariablessuchasfeelingsorresistancetochangeorlackofknow-howinsteadoffactsanddata.Shorttransittimeandhighreliabilityaresignificantcriteriaofsuccessfullogisticalstructureastheyreducetheshipper
8、s’needforsafetystocks(Coyleetal.,2000).Surveyonlandsideaccessproblemsidentifiedthatinfrastructure,landuse,environmentalandregulatoryimpedimentsreducetheefficiencyoffreightmovementsonlandaccessroutestoandfromseaports(TransportResearchBoard,1993
