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1、外文翻译原文Bankers’PerceptionsonCausesofBadLoansinBanksMaterialSource:IIMTAuthor:GunjanM.SanjeevAmajorproblembeingobservedallovertheworldinthebankingsectoristheproblemofbadloans.Thefirststepofbuildingastableandstrongfinancialsystemistominimizethenon-performingloans.Aspertheofficialfigures
2、ofIMF(2001),thebaddebtsasaproportionoftotalloansis2.5%forUS,5.4%forKorea,12.5%forIndia,19.3forMalaysia,25%forChinaand45%forThailand.Thenon-performingloanshavebeenamatterofconcernforallthenationsacrosstheglobe.ReserveBankofIndia(RBI)definesNPAas:Anasset,includingaleasedasset,becomesno
3、n-performingwhenitceasestogenerateincomeforthebank.A‘nonperformingasset’(NPA)isdefinedasacreditfacilityinrespectofwhichtheinterestand/orinstallmentofprincipalhasremained‘pastdue’foraspecifiedperiodoftime(90days,March31,2004onwards).Ithasbeenobservedthatthefailingbankshaveoftenshownal
4、evelofbadloans.Anumberofresearcheshaveindicatedthatsuchailingbanksareinnowaynearthebestpracticefrontier(Barretal.1994;Bergeretal.1997).Someresearcheshaveclearlyindicatedanegativeimpactofbadloansontheefficienciesofthebanks(Resti,1995).“Increaseinnonperformingloanstendtobefollowedbydec
5、reaseinmeasuredcostefficiency,suggestingthathighlevelsofproblemloanscausebankstoincreasespendingonmonitoring,workingout,and/orsellingofftheseloans,andpossiblybecomemorediligentinadministeringtheportionoftheirexistingloanportfoliothatiscurrentlyperforming”(Berger,etal.1997).Thenon-per
6、formingloanshavebeenfoundtobeinfluencedbybothendogenousandexogenousfactorstothebank.Thusitbecomesimportanttostudyandidentifythekeyfactorsthatcontributetolargelevelsofbadloansinbanksacrossthecountries.Inrecenttimes,toughinitiativessuchastheSecuritizationActcoupledwithotherinitiativess
7、uchastheCorporateDebtRestructuring(CDR)mechanismhavebeentakenupbythepolicymakers.These,too,arenotfreefrombottlenecks.Further,theyareapostreactivemechanismtohandleloansthathavealreadygonebad.ThusitisimperativetodeterminewhatcausestheNPAssothatbankersandpolicymakerscanadoptapro-activea
8、pproach.Meth
