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1、外文翻译原文DumpingandAnti-dumpingMeasuresMaterialSource:internationaleconomics,July1984Author:RichardSentiZurichInrecenttimes,thenumberofdumpingactionshasshownastrikingcorrelationwiththerespectivelevelofeconomicactivity,Thefollowingobservationsconveyanoverallpictureofthedumpingactio
2、nscurrentlypendingandtheanti-dumpingmeasuresimplemented,andlookintothecurrentproblemsfacedbytheinternationalanti-dumpingsystem.Foryears,dumpingactionshavebeenatthecentreofdiscussionsinthetradenegotiationsbetweentheUS,Canada,JapanandthemembercountriesoftheEC.Attheendof1977,there
3、weretwentydumpingactionsinprogressintheUSA.Tensioneasedin1978followingtheintroductionofthetriggerpricesystemtoregulatesteelimports.OnconfirmationofthemodifiedcostcriterionintheUSTradeActof1979,theUSsteelfirmsonceagaintookactionagainsttheECsteelproducers.In1980,thetriggerpricesy
4、stembrieflybecametemporarilyinoperativebutwasappliedagainthesameyearwithaddedforce.Nevertheless,moredumpingactionsfollowed,particularlyintheyears1981and1982.Atthebeginningof1983,theGATTCommitteeonAnti-DumpingQuestionspublishedasummaryoftheanti-dumpingproceedingsinstitutedduring
5、recentyearsintheUSA,EC,Finland,Canada,AustriaandSweden,theprovisionalanddefinitivecounter-measuresandthepriceagreementsreached(cf.Table1).Themajorityofactionsaredirectedattheindustrialisednationsandonlyafewagainstthedevelopingcountries.Neitherwithdrawnactionsnorthosewhichresult
6、edinanegativedecisionareincludedinthesefigures.Table2showsbetweenwhichtradepartnersdumpingnegotiationstookplaceduringtheyears1981/82,i.e.whichcountriesinstitutedproceedingsandwhichweresittinginthedock(asfaraswasreportedtoGATT).USAnti-DumpingLegislationasaBasisIn1945,immediately
7、aftertheendofthewar,theUSStateDepartmentpublishedthefirstproposalsforanewworldtradeorder.Accordingtotheseproposals,themembersofaninternationaltradeorganisationstilltobecreatedshould,amongotherthings,undertake"to188subscribetoageneraldefinitionofthecircumstancesunderwhichanti-du
8、mpingandcountervailingdutiesmayproperlybeappliedtoprod
