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1、外文翻译原文ShifttoalowcarbonsocietythroughenergysystemsdesignMaterialSource:SCIENCECHINATechnologicalSciencessAuthor:ToshihikoNakata,MikhailRodionov,DiegoSilva,JoniJupesta1IntroductionGlobalenvironmentaldegradationisoneoftheseriousthreatsfacinghumankindasaresultofits
2、expandingactivitiesaroundtheworld.Alongwiththedevelopmentofsociety,vastquantitiesofgreenhousegases(GHGs)havebeendischargedintotheatmosphere,namelycarbondioxide(CO2),methaneandothernon-CO2gases.EnergyactivitiesarethemainsourceofanthropogenicGHGemissionsandtheyrep
3、resented61%oftotalglobalGHGemissionsintheyear2000.Approximately30%oftheanthropogenicgreenhouseeffectcanbeattributedtonon-CO2GHGs.Risingconcernabouttheimpactofclimatechangehasledtothedefinitionoflong-termsustainabilityofsocietylookingforwardtothereductionofGHGs.T
4、hisinterpretationofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeentermedthe“lowcarbonsociety”(LCS).Thesustainabledevelopmentconcept,introducedbytheBrundtlandCommissionin1987,refersto“developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeetthe
5、irownneeds”.2Energysystemsforalowcarbonsociety2.1Lowcarbonsociety’sconceptsGHGsemissionreductiontargetshavebeensetunderlocal,national,andglobalinitiatives.TheKyotoProtocol,whichwasestablishedundertheUNFCCCin1997,setGHGemissionreductiontargetsbytheyear2012forindu
6、strializednations.Presently,environmentalconcernsaregivenahigherpriority,andaredirectlylinkedtotheconceptofsustainabledevelopment.Theviewstowardssustainabledevelopmenthavebeenbroadenedinordertoconsidertheimpactthatacertaindevelopmentpathmayhaveonsociety.Notonlyi
7、mpactontheeconomicstructureandenvironment,butalsolivingconditionsofpeoplecomprisingasocietyareincluded.Povertyandequityarefactorsthatcannotbedetachedfromtheconceptofsustainabledevelopment.Thefuturevisionofdevelopmentrequiresamorecomprehensiveorholisticinterpreta
8、tionofsociety.Therefore,futuredecisionsrelatedwithutilizationofenergymustconsidereconomic,environmental,andenergydimensions,drivenbytheachievementofasocietylessdepend
